Corporate sustainability reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate sustainability reporting - Essay Example At the same time, as developments in technology and knowledge are contributing to financial development, they also have the potential to assist resolving the threats and risks to the sustainability of environment, social relations and economies. Sustainability reporting is the kind of practice of disclosing, measuring, and being accountable to external and internal stakeholders for organizational performance towards the objective of sustainable development. A sustainability report should offer a reasonable and balanced representation of the sustainability performance of a reporting company consisting of both negative and positive contributions. The guidelines of Sustainability Reporting comprise principles for defining content of report and guaranteeing the quality of reported information. It also consists of standard disclosures made up of indicators of the performance and other items of the disclosure, in addition to guidance on specific technical and technological topics in report ing. A company’s own sustainability and business policy offers the circumstance in which performance is discussed. The relationship between the organizational strategy and sustainability should be made clear, as should the circumstance in which performance is reported. ... A sustainability report also refers to a single, combined disclosure that offers a balanced and reasonable presentation of performance over a fixed period of time. Stakeholders must be capable to directly access all of the information in the report from a single location, such as a GRI content index. The GRI Reporting Structure is planned to provide a normally accepted structure for reporting on a company’s environmental, economic and social performance. The structure includes the guidelines of the Sustainability Reporting, Technical Protocols, the Indicator Protocols, and the Sector Supplements. Organizational operations connected to operating, entering, and exiting can have numerous negative impacts on local communities. Indicators in the GRI structure, such as economic data or environmental emissions, will offer an overall idea of negative and positive impacts, but may not be capable to present them in relation to local communities. Sustainability reporting must consider ev ery material sustainability topics that are appropriate in understanding how a company can create, erode or preserve value over time. Environmental, economic, and social impacts can turn out to be significant over an extended time period. Reports should be capable to reflect both long-term as well as short-term topics and foreseeable longer-term subjects. A sustainability report thus covers a wider range of subjects than constitutional and statutory reporting needs, consisting of, but not limited to: †¢ â€Å"Impacts on stakeholder groups that are of high significance to them †¢ Opportunities to contribute to broader sustainability objectives †¢ Opportunities to adapt to planned changes in policies and regulatory frameworks† (RG Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2000). Once a

Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay Example for Free

Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay Annointed Gifts was established in September of 2006 by Rev. Dr. Johnnie E. Jordan Sr. Through Pastor Jordans’ vision he brought forth six anointed young men to spread the word of God through their musical talent of playing instruments, and their special talent of vocals. Minister Nelton Shorter Jr. (Jay-Jay) who is the minister of music at his home church Union Second Baptist been playing keyboard, singing gospel( songwriting) for over twenty years. Davell Davis (Ace) who is the minister of music at his home church Rising Star C. O.G.I.C. been playing keyboard and singing(songwriting) gospel for over fifteen years. Christopher Jordan has been playing drums, singing(songwriting ), for the lord under the leadership of his father and pastor of Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. for over twentyfive years. Paul Washington plays lead guitar at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. and has been playing singing(songwriting) Gospel for over thirty years. Clarence Trotter received his calling at an early age. He has been playing bass guitar singing(songwriting) Gospel for over twenty years. Marvin Jordan began to get involved as an audio technician and sound check person at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. in 1986. He has over twenty years of experience in audio engineering In the short time that Annointed Gifts been together, they have been fortunate blessed to perform with some of the big names of gospel quartet. They performed with The Williams Brothers, The Mighty Clouds of Joy at The Detroit Opera House .They also performed out of state as well as all over the Michigan area with some of gospel greats such as Doc McKenzie The Hi-Lites,The Pilgrim Jubilees,Keith Wonderboy Johnson, Dewayne Watkins former member of Canton Spirituals, Park Stewart former member of Commission, Darius Twyman , George Dean The Gospel Four, Evelyne Turrtine’ Agee and even received great reviews from the Legendary Spanky. Annointed Gifts is truly a blessing from heaven abling them to pass on Gods’ message through song and praises.

Dealing with Society Edna Pontelliers Battle with Social Class Essay

Dealing with Society Edna Pontelliers Battle with Social Class Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, is a woman trying to form her own identity, both feminine and sexually, in the repressive and Victorian Creole world of the latter nineteenth century. She is met by a counterpart, Mademoiselle Reisz, who is able to live freely as a woman. Edna herself was denied this freedom because of the respectable societal position she had been married into and because of her Presbyterian up bringing as a child. The role that Mademoiselle Reisz played within society, a society that failed to view her as being a truly respectable social member, was quite opposite to that of Edna’s respectable position in society. Edna was ordained in the Presbyterian ways as she became an adult in Kentucky and Mississippi (Companion 123); as one critic put it, she was of â€Å"solid old Presbyterian Kentucky stock† (Petry 58). Edna was raised in a truly â€Å"restricted Victorian† (Nikerson) manner to be â€Å"an American woman†¦with a graceful severity of poise and movement† (Companion 123). To understand the social order she was born into you have to look at the Presbyterian background she grew up in. Presbyterianism took the view that women were â€Å"regarded as equal to men†¦[but women were] the weaker vessel†¦and should become subordinate to the husband† (Wolff 2). In broader terms, this is saying that women are equal, but are still below men in society. This construct was reinforced by the fact that â€Å"married women in Louisiana†¦[, in Edna’s time,] were legal property of their husbands† (Chopin 121). By a broad range, women of high V ictorian society were greatly scrutinized if they tried to step out of any of the normal set boun... ...ction. Westport, Greenwood Press Inc., 1988 Chopin, Kate and Cully Margo, Ed. The Awakening: A Norton Critical Edition. New York: Norton & Comp., 1994. Mahon, Robert Lee. â€Å"Beyond the love triangle: trios in â€Å"The Awakening.† The Midwest Quarterly 39.2 (1998) : 228-236. McCoy, Thorunn Ruga. â€Å"Chopin’s ‘The Awakening.’† The Explicator 56.1 (1997): 27-26 InfroTrac SearchBank. Online. 30 Nov. 1998. Nickerson, Megan. â€Å"Romanticism in The Awakening.† Online. 29 Nov. 1998 Petry, Alice. Critical Essays on Kate Chopin. Printice Hall International., 1996 Thorton, Lawrence. â€Å"The Awakening: A Political Romance.† American Literature 52 (1980): 50-66. Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. â€Å"Un-utterable longing: the discourse of feminine sexuality in ‘The Awakening.’† Studies in American Fiction 24.1 (1996): 3-23. InfroTrac SearchBank. Online. 30 Nov. 1998.

A Pleasurable and Educational Preschool Observation Essay

I observed a 4 year old preschool class during playtime in Staten Island, New York. The class consisted of eight children, and one certified preschool teacher. There were 4 boys and 4 girls in the class. During my sixty minute observation I noticed several instances of dramatic play, peer relationships, relationships with adults, and self-control. Dramatic Play During my observation, I witnessed a group of two- one boy and one girl-playing house. According to Hutchinson (2011) children often use playing house as an opportunity to explore reality and their social roles based on adult behavior. The two children that I observed explored reality and their social roles as they pretended to eat dinner together as family. The pair even took it a step further as they included doll babies to play as their children. As the children played house, the girl cooked dinner and the boy sat at the table waiting for dinner to be ready. As the boy waited for dinner to be ready, he got up, walked around as if he was looking for something and came back with two baby dolls and told the girl, â€Å"here they can sit next to you†. The boy had assigned the girl a perceived female role, to be the mother and care for the baby. While the girl had assigned herself a female role, to cook for the male. Therefore, the boy was automatically assigned a perceived male role, to wait for the female to finish cooking so he could eat. The pair’s dramatic play demonstrates how children begin to understand standard gender roles and play accordingly during early childhood (Hutchinson, 2011). This play interaction was not gender segregated. This non-gender segregated play is a good example of how children play based on their gender. Although, many young children prefer to play with same sex mates, I believe this was not the case because the pair felt playing house required a female and male to fit the correct gender roles. I also believe that mass media plays a strong role in the way preschool children play in their perceived gender roles. According to Kirkorian, Wartella and Anderson (2008), by preschool age children are active television viewers. Therefore, if children watch shows that are based on family life, such as Modern Family, they will notice a strong presence of women in the kitchen and  caring for children, and model similar behaviors. Relationships with Adults During my observation there was little interaction with the teacher. Children seemed to prefer to play with their peers. One teacher-student interaction I observed was a withdrawal relationship. The teacher tried to engage the pair of preschoolers playing house. However, her engagement was unsuccessful. The teacher walked over to the pair’s play station and asked about the babies’ names. The pair answered the teacher but did not engage other than answering the question. During the time the teacher was questioning the pair, the girl got up from the play dinner table and walked over to play with another group, a group of girls. This example supports Garvey (1990) and Harper and McCluskey (2003) argument that the attention of an adult or teacher may hinder children’s peer interactions. The girl’s reaction to the teacher disrupting her play scenario was withdrawal. Another teacher-student interaction I observed was a friendly interaction. The teacher engaged a boy who was with trucks in play. During this interaction, the boy was playing alone with cars and trucks. The teacher asked if she could play with him, and he agreed. The teacher and student then played with cars and trucks in a friendly manner. This is normal as there is a tendency for teachers to spend more time with children who are less social than more social children (Harper and McCluskey, 2003). The boy in this case could be perceived as less social than others as he played alone the entire hour. During my observation I did not see attachment-seeking behavior from the children towards the adults. However. I did have the chance to observe one preschool girl dropped off by her mother prior to my observation. The preschool girl’s behavior was fussy and aggressive. The girl cried and kicked while the mother signed the girl in. The mom tried to soothe the girl, but looked like she needed soothing herself. Generally, separation from mothers can be stressful for children, however, separation from children can also be stressful for mothers (Balaban et al., 2002). Peer Relationship One peer relationship I observed consisted of three girls playing dress-up. Unlike the previous pair that was not gender segregated, this group of girls was gender segregated. According to Hutchinson (2011) in early childhood, children make friends with other children of the same gender and age. As  these girls engaged in dramatic play they were very nice to each other. They played with each other’s hair, did each other’s make-up, and referred to each other as â€Å"my best friend†. After the forth girl in the class finished playing house with the boy, she approached the three girls and asked if she could play with them. The three girls took the forth girls play initiation as a conflict. The three girls then teamed up and said â€Å"no way, you’re not our friend† to the fourth girl in the class. Young children often use the term friend and playmate interchangeable. According to Hutchinson (2011), young children see the definition of a friend as someone you play with. Therefore, when the fourth girl asked to play with the three girls she was excluded because she played with the boy and was the boy’s friend and not the three girl’s friend. Self-Control During my observation, I witness one instance of aggression. One girl was building a â€Å"princess castle† with building blocks and a boy came by and kicked over the castle. The girl immediately got up and pushed the boy and the boy pushed the girl back. The boy or girl did not show any self-regulation as they engaged in a fight. Also, there was no helpful or empathic prosocial behavior, as the children’s actions did not prevent negative impulses. In this instance of â€Å"self-control† or lack of self-control, the boy and the girl exhibited both instrumental aggression, fighting over toys and physical aggression, physical force against someone. However, these form of aggression is normal for preschool aged children as aggression increases during early childhood years (Hutchinson, 2011). Fortunately, aggressive behaviors normally deteriorate by the end of early childhood as children learn to better communicate their needs (Hutchinson, 2011). My preschool observation was a pleasurable experience. I was able to watch eight happy children play, fight, laugh, and joke with each other. My observation was also an educational experience as I was able to apply theories learned in class to real life situations. Overall, my observation experience was both enjoyable and educational. References Balaban, N., Brodkin, A. M., David, J., Drucker, J., Feder-Feitel, L., & Greenberg, P. (2002). A Great Start To School. Scholastic Parent & Child, 10(1), 40-45. Harper, Lawrence V & McCluskey, Karen S. (2003). Teacher-child and child-child interactions in inclusive preschool settings: Do adults inhibit peer interactions? Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 18, 163-184. doi:10.1016/S0885-2006%2803%2900025-5 Hutchison, E. (2011). Early Childhood. In Dimensions of human behavior: The Changing Life Course (4th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. Kirkorian, H., Wartella, E., & Anderson, D. (2008). Media And Young Children’s Learning. The Future of Children, 18(1), 39-61. Garvery, C. (1990). Play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

The Importance of Ethics Committees

Health care institutions operate to uphold the rights and well-being of patients. In practicing patient care, members of health care organizations face actions and decisions that should be aligned with ethical issues maintained by health care facilities, such as hospitals, to look after the best interests of patients. To oversee the ethical issues that health care facilities should observe consistently, establishing ethics committees is necessary.In order to determine the importance of ethics committees in the field of health care and medicine, it is relevant to go over the history of the establishment of ethics committees, the varied and significant roles played by ethics committees in health care and medicine, the principles upheld by ethics committees, and the magnitude of ethics committees in health care facilities and the field of medicine. Ethical issues frame health care and the field of medicine.Health care ethics is primarily based on principled obligations that health care and medicine should provide for human beings, as well as the binding obligations to constitutional laws. Health care ethics ensure that health care policies, services, programs, and practices are in line with moral obligations to human beings and political obligations to the state, while keeping in mind the sole purpose of health care and medicine – to improve the quality of life.With the unending and increasing issues and choices that members of health care organizations and the field of medicine must face and decide on each day, there is a need to put up ethical standards and norms to abide by to avoid inconsistencies, conflicts, and disagreements. The requirement for ethics committees was formalized in 1992 by the Joint Commission (O’Reilly, 2008). Ethics committees are composed of various members of health care institutions. Members of ethics committees include â€Å"physicians, nurses, psychologists, lawyers, administrators and supervisors, families, and the comm unity† (Fremgen, 2005).Ethics committees are in charge of overseeing practices and operations within health care facilities regarding the services provided for patient care. Primarily, ethics committees in contributing or improving health care policies employed by facilities by thorough analysis and research and the formulation of ethical procedures or guidelines that the health care facility and all its members must observe at all times. These procedures or guidelines are patient-centered – one which puts forth the best interest of the patient.Ethics committees uphold ethical health care principles and practices by intervening in conflicts within the health care facility, especially when it comes to decision-making and ethical issues. The ethics committee reexamines a particular situation and arrives at a counsel or a suggestion as to how the parties involved will go about solving the problem. The result of the ethics committee’s reexamination is based on ethica l laws and principles endorsed by the state and the health care facility to put the patient’s concerns above all.In some instances, the ethics committee also reviews the quality and kind of health care services received by the patient in order to determine whether it was based on guiding ethical principles or not. (Fremgen, 2005) Ethics committees are influential in determining the fairness, reliability, morality, and integrity of health care facilities. It serves as a quality control committee, keeping health care services, practices, and operations in check, in order to make sure that they comply with ethical principles related to health care and medicine.Through ethics committees, health care facilities are able to sustain a mission, vision, goals, and objectives that are within the limits of what is ethical for health care facilities to provide. This ensures that the quality of health care services provided to patients meet their needs, demands, and expectations and it de fends what is morally upright in relation to patient care. Ethics committees keep professionalism in the work place in check, and it guides major ethical choices and decisions in the field of health care and medicine.With the realization of the significant roles and responsibilities that ethics committees carry out, it is therefore of great importance to health care facilities or organizations to establish an ethics committee that will serve as a consultant or a guide in putting health care practices and operations in line with ethical laws and principles. It does not only add value or integrity to health care facilities, but it also ensures that patient care is provided for, qualitatively and ethically.

Love vs. Enmity

Love vs. Enmity Two lovers, trying to break the enmity between their families with their forbidden love, in the streets of Verona, Italy; is the main conflict of the world's most famous play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. The two families, the Capulet's and the Montague's, struggle for power in Verona. Romeo, the son of Lord Montague, and Juliet, the daughter of Lord Capulet, fall in love. Romeo and Juliet love can not exist for a long period of time because their love is not as powerful as the hate between the families, which brings Romeo's and Juliet's love to an end. Tragically, love is often not strong enough to overcome enmity.Prejudice and pride caused by enmity weaken love. Most of the Capulet's maintain preconceptions about the Montague's, as much as the Montague's maintain about Capulet's. "This, by his voice, should be a Montague. / Fetch me my rapier, boy.Romeo and Juliet, Act I-Scene_3. Lady Capulet and .../ .../ To strike him dead I hold it not a sin." (I.5.53-58) Tybalt, cous in of Juliet, is biased against Romeo. Romeo enters Capulet's party and his appearance is unacceptable for the Capulet's. Romeo doesn't cause any trouble at the party in front of the Capulet's vision; however, he kisses Juliet but luckily no one realizes. Tybalt acts as if Romeo creates a chaos. Thus, Tybalt is being biased on Romeo. It's also very obvious from Tybalt's words that he does not consider to kill a Montague, a sin. It is nearly impossible for love to remain the same and not lose its power, when there are too many conflicts. The contrast between the prejudice and Juliet's feelings about Romeo weakens love. Hence, enmity can cause pride and prejudice to ruin love.The loss of one's self-control can lead to the destruction of love. The decisions that Romeo makes without...

Franz Kline essays

Franz Kline essays Among the leading painters of post-World War II Abstract Expressionist movement, Franz Kline developed his own highly personal form of art based more on spontaneous expression in abstract design of the artists psychic states.1 Abstract expressionism saw representation as the exact opposite of their main aim in painting. Formal issues such as color, lines, and shapes without recognizable representation is what Kline, like many other abstract expressionists, strove to portray in their paintings. They were individuals that were foraging their own way into the art world. Mainly an artist of impact, Klines work was forceful and boldly dramatic, which characterized his aggressiveness and raw energy. Best known for his robust black-and-white abstractions, his zealous brushwork seemed to manifest the energy and gestures produced in the act of painting. In this paper I will argue how Klines unique form, also referred to as action painting, was affected by his background and other artists, how his work was not influenced or represented Chinese calligraphy, and why he should be set aside from other The Pennsylvania native originally was a representational painter, that used a style mixed of Cubism and Social Realism. He attempted to capture the energy of city life while going to school at Boston University and Heatherlys School of Art in London, before settling in New York. Up until the 1940s Kline painted urban scenes and figures in a conventional, realist style. A couple years after moving to New York, he sparked an interest in abstraction and reduced the elements of his old style. However, the turning point of his career came once he enlarged some black-and-white drawings through a projector, and recognized the expressive power to which his style possessed in large scale, and thus decided to abandon representation all together. Althou...

Indirect Speech Definition and Examples

Indirect Speech Definition and Examples Indirect speech  is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that persons exact words (which is called direct speech). Its also called  indirect discourse or reported speech.   Direct vs. Indirect Speech In direct speech, a persons exact words are placed in quotation marks and set off with a comma and a reporting clause or signal phrase,  such as said or asked. In fiction writing, using direct speech  can display  the emotion of an important scene in vivid detail through the words themselves as well as the description of how something was said. In nonfiction writing or journalism, direct speech  can emphasize a particular point, by using a sources exact words. Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. In writing, it functions to move a piece  along by boiling down points that an interview source made. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is  not  usually placed inside quote marks. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source. How to Convert In the first  example below,  the  verb  in the  present tense  in the line of direct speech (is)  may change to the  past tense  (was) in indirect speech, though it doesnt necessarily have to with a present-tense verb.  If it makes sense in context to keep it present tense, thats fine. Direct speech:  Where is your textbook? the teacher asked me.Indirect speech:  The teacher asked me  where my textbook was.Indirect speech: The teacher asked me where my textbook is. Keeping the present tense in  reported speech  can give the impression of  immediacy, that its being reported soon after the direct quote,such as: Direct speech:  Bill said, I cant come in today, because Im sick.Indirect speech:  Bill said (that) he cant come in today because hes sick. Future Tense An action in the future (present continuous tense or future)  doesnt have to change verb tense, either, as these examples demonstrate. Direct speech:  Jerry said, Im  going to buy a new car.Indirect speech:  Jerry said (that) hes going to buy  a new car.Direct speech:  Jerry said, I will buy a new car.Indirect speech:  Jerry said (that) he will buy a new car. Indirectly reporting an action in the future can change verb tenses when needed. In this next example, changing the  am going  to was going implies that she has already left for the mall. However, keeping the tense progressive or continuous  implies that the action continues, that shes still at the mall and not back yet. Direct speech:  She said, Im going to the mall.Indirect speech:  She said (that) she was going to the mall.Indirect speech: She said (that) she is going to the mall. Other Changes With a past-tense verb in the direct quote, the verb changes to past perfect. Direct speech:  She said,  I went to the mall.Indirect speech:  She said (that)  she had gone to the mall. Note the change in first person (I) and second person (your)  pronouns  and  word order  in the indirect versions. The person has to change because the one  reporting the action is not the one actually doing it. Third person (he or she) in direct speech remains in the third person. Free Indirect Speech In  free indirect speech, which is  commonly used in fiction, the reporting clause  (or signal phrase) is omitted. Using the technique is a way to follow a characters point of view- in third-person limited omniscient- and show her thoughts intermingled with narration. Typically in fiction italics show a characters exact thoughts, and quote marks show dialogue. Free indirect speech makes do without the italics and simply combines the internal thoughts of the character with the narration of the story. Writers who have used this technique include James Joyce, Jane Austen, Virginia Woolf, Henry James, Zora Neale Hurston, and D.H. Lawrence.

Role of Organizational Culture in Change management Essay

Role of Organizational Culture in Change management - Essay Example Organizational change is a subject of high interest for both business researchers and academic researchers. Recent researches have mostly focused on the forces that lead to continuous changes within the organizations (Harigopal, 2006). According to Gibson and Barsade (2003), the forces of change cause organizations to rethink the deeply rooted cultural beliefs and values. In addition, the beliefs and values are also modified for the principal purpose of surviving in the shifting business landscape and coping up with intense competition. The dramatic amplification of markets, products, robust competition as well as enhanced technology has led business world to witness and experience a dynamic environment. Companies that have been able to flourish and maintain a strong market position are those which have learned how to effectively manage organizational change and respond to the environmental turbulence. Most of the organizations are aware of the need for change, but the challenge lies in the implementation process and effectively managing the internal resistance being offered by some group of employees. This study investigated on the role of organizational culture in change management and found that organizational culture to be a playing an important and positive role in managing the implementation of change. The methodology adopted for a study is extremely important as it gives direction to a study. In this study, only secondary data sources will be used to collect data. The secondary sources will be using journal articles, books, and authentic electronic sources. The conclusion to this study will be drawn by deducing the theories presented by the scholars about the area of concern. Hence a deductive approach will be taken to address the topic of study. Review of Literature Organizational culture is defined as a system of assumptions, values, norms, and attitudes, manifested through symbols which the members of an organization have developed and adopted through mutual experience and which help them determine the meaning of the world around them and how to behave in it (Janićijević, 2011, p.26). The author also believes that one of the vital components of management, which gets highly impacted by the organizational culture, is the organizational change management. The cultural assumption as well as the values shared by the members of the organization establishes the course in which managers

Fiscal policy and regulation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fiscal policy and regulation - Term Paper Example The scope of Fiscal policy is wide and involves several government functions all of which are aimed at ensuring spending is contained and restricted to those areas cum sectors where they have the greatest and positive effect on the economy. (Creel et al pp.8) The main entities for the fiscal policy are government revenues, government expenditures and debt management. Fiscal policy is usually as a result of a well thought process mainly involving the best economic minds that a country may have who are organized as Public Service Program or Capital Improvements Program. This paper will examine the various aspects of Fiscal Policy and its use by the government to achieve its various economic milestones. (Weil pp.1) Besides these, we will look at the main proponents of the Fiscal policy and the main reasons that fail the working of the policy. At the end of this essay, the reader should be able to understand fully the workings of the Fiscal policy and its various aspects. In the end, one maybe able to give an indication of why Fiscal policy may not work as intended. It is important though to note that though the impact of economic changes are felt by certain groups in the economy such as family units especially when the government offers tax cuts, the disposable income of this family increases. (Mont pp.75) The fiscal policy is not aimed at an examination of such mild changes or impacts but is focused on the effects of changes in the government budget as a whole. Fiscal policy is usually looked one sided but a study of it reveals two types of fiscal policies which are not necessarily founded on different bases but are as a result of budget movement. These budget movements on the other hand are determined by the finances available to the government for the purpose of meeting its budgetary requirements. (Creel et al pp.32). These are either budget deficits or budgetary surplus

The Roles of Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Assignment

The Roles of Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King - Assignment Example His readiness to suffer and be imprisoned for the sake of his people demonstrated to many Africans the need for standing firm in the struggle for self-rule. Even after being released from prison and elected as the first black president of the country, he only ruled for one term after which he retired to allow for other black leaders to lead the country (Crompton, 2007). This has been used as a role model of sacrificial leadership by politicians across the world. It has also been used as a reference to conflict resolution in countries where the political leaders are unwilling to exit power. The icon is also remembered for the significant role he played leading to the end of apartheid and the rise of African democracy. He led demonstrations across the country that made him imprisoned as he fought for the rights of his people. Martin Luther King, on the other hand, struggled to ensure that people of all races are treated equally and with decorum. He participated in numerous campaigns in the United States whose goal were to bring an end to racial discrimination. His fight for equality in the American social environment saw the minorities in the country being respected and elected to leadership positions (Darby, 2005). Luther’s vision was to ensure that the minorities have a voice in the social and political outlook of the United States. This, he facilitated through a chain of Civil Rights Movements starting from the early 1950s to the late 1960s.

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back Research Paper

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development - Research Paper Example They bring great opportunities in the developing countries with employment generation, output expansion, and escalation in technical know-how and so on. But on the other hand it brings many challenges too. Brazil is a country whose economy has escalated in recent years and has encountered a large jolt of foreign investments. A major fraction of these investments have generated from the MNCs forming an indispensible part. In Brazil, these MNCs have propelled its economy, but also have contributed to the increased economic inequality leading to elevated poverty levels, loss of markets for the domestic producers and as well as behavioral aspects like identity loss. This has resulted in hindering the development of the Brazilian economy and also threatens its future. Apart from those social menaces like human trafficking is also hinders development. The paper discusses the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking has declined development and poses a threat to its future. 1. Introduct ion The rate of intensification of the terms globalization, internationalization, removal of trade barriers has escalated manifold within the framework of global trade in recent years. Mammoth investments are being made by organizations (Multinational and Transnational corporations) of the developed countries in the underdeveloped and developing countries reaping huge benefits for them with cost minimization. These foreign investments within the underdeveloped and developing countries have brought in a large number of opportunities in the form of employment, cultural integration, regional development of these countries (Tankeu, n.d.). Brazil, a Latin American country, has also encountered large foreign investments with MNCs entering into the country creating employment, local development and thrusting the pace of the economy. But this is only a superficial layer of thinking process. The story is not so simple. A deep scrutiny with evidences and reverse thought process reveal that ac tually the MNCs are hindering the current development of the country as well as its future. Social menaces like human trafficking have increased to elevated levels hitting the Brazilian economy really hard. Thus, having stated this, the focus of the paper will direct towards discussing the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking are actually hindering the growth of Brazilian economy and pushing it backwards (Hauge & Magnusson, 2011, p.6). The research question that will be addressed in this paper is, â€Å"How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development?† 2. Research track: For addressing the issue in a proper and transparent manner prior discussion needs to be done with the current situation of the country with respect to development status done under the heading present situation. Within it, the first segment deals with the concept of MNCs acting as hindrance to development. The next section presents data support of the country wi th respect to its development. After that, the subsequent section will deal with the problem of human trafficking in the country. Then the course of the paper will enter into the hardcore process of analyzing the country’s development hindrance due to MNCs followed by discussion of the issue of human trafficking. 3. Present situation 3.1 Alarming truth –MNCs in development shrinkage The trajectory of globalization through empirical evidences has been seen as two way traffic. At one end, it has acted as a force delivering economic prosperity to people all over the world and on the other hand, it has been blamed for creating huge inequalities

Dunkins brands strategic performance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dunkins brands strategic performance - Article Example Dunkin Brands Group is the parent company of Dunkin Donuts (DD) and Baskin-Robbins (BR) that has its headquarters in, Massachusetts in the United States. Dunkin Donuts and Baskin-Robbins were initially owned by a French multinational corporation that was known as Pernod Ricard and afterwards they were bought purchased by the American Multinational company that is known as Dunkin’ Brands. Its history of offering breakfast meals that is supposed to be simple and straightforward has given it an edge over the competitors that are in the same industry such as Starbucks since the company targets the people who are modest and mind about how they spend their money. The company tries to grow in all the aspects so that it can be able to reach as many customers as possible and develop more products that will appeal to these clients in an effort to achieve proper retail placement which normally can be a delicate balance. The company partners with several grocery retailers but does not put its business in the store within a store concept that will include a grocery since they want to be within big places that are frequented by more consumers as the target more people. Dunkin’ donuts has not been left behind as far a technology is concerned since the have employed the use of software that if adopted is able to tell the location of their different stores that are to come up as the software called iSite from geoVue helps the company to analyze where it can put more restaurants that will better serve the people. In the fourth quarter of 2012 Dunkin’ Brands had a variety of highlights that included a 3.2 percent growth in the sales of its Donuts compared to the other stores that are in the United States. In the rest of the world the brand also posted significant success that was exhibited by the opening of 256 new restaurants that included 149 Dunkin Donut restaurants

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back Research Paper

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development - Research Paper Example They bring great opportunities in the developing countries with employment generation, output expansion, and escalation in technical know-how and so on. But on the other hand it brings many challenges too. Brazil is a country whose economy has escalated in recent years and has encountered a large jolt of foreign investments. A major fraction of these investments have generated from the MNCs forming an indispensible part. In Brazil, these MNCs have propelled its economy, but also have contributed to the increased economic inequality leading to elevated poverty levels, loss of markets for the domestic producers and as well as behavioral aspects like identity loss. This has resulted in hindering the development of the Brazilian economy and also threatens its future. Apart from those social menaces like human trafficking is also hinders development. The paper discusses the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking has declined development and poses a threat to its future. 1. Introduct ion The rate of intensification of the terms globalization, internationalization, removal of trade barriers has escalated manifold within the framework of global trade in recent years. Mammoth investments are being made by organizations (Multinational and Transnational corporations) of the developed countries in the underdeveloped and developing countries reaping huge benefits for them with cost minimization. These foreign investments within the underdeveloped and developing countries have brought in a large number of opportunities in the form of employment, cultural integration, regional development of these countries (Tankeu, n.d.). Brazil, a Latin American country, has also encountered large foreign investments with MNCs entering into the country creating employment, local development and thrusting the pace of the economy. But this is only a superficial layer of thinking process. The story is not so simple. A deep scrutiny with evidences and reverse thought process reveal that ac tually the MNCs are hindering the current development of the country as well as its future. Social menaces like human trafficking have increased to elevated levels hitting the Brazilian economy really hard. Thus, having stated this, the focus of the paper will direct towards discussing the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking are actually hindering the growth of Brazilian economy and pushing it backwards (Hauge & Magnusson, 2011, p.6). The research question that will be addressed in this paper is, â€Å"How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development?† 2. Research track: For addressing the issue in a proper and transparent manner prior discussion needs to be done with the current situation of the country with respect to development status done under the heading present situation. Within it, the first segment deals with the concept of MNCs acting as hindrance to development. The next section presents data support of the country wi th respect to its development. After that, the subsequent section will deal with the problem of human trafficking in the country. Then the course of the paper will enter into the hardcore process of analyzing the country’s development hindrance due to MNCs followed by discussion of the issue of human trafficking. 3. Present situation 3.1 Alarming truth –MNCs in development shrinkage The trajectory of globalization through empirical evidences has been seen as two way traffic. At one end, it has acted as a force delivering economic prosperity to people all over the world and on the other hand, it has been blamed for creating huge inequalities

Computer crime and forensic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer crime and forensic - Term Paper Example The good that he has done is to open up the activities of NSA, as well as its partner in Britain, who violates the privacy of the two countries citizens through secret government surveillances (Ball, 2013). This can be considered good, since it elicits a dialogue on the suitability and the unsuitability of such activities. For this reason, he should be protected by the whistle blowing agency, for having divulged sensitive, but vital information regarding government agencies. However, Edward Snowden has already caused too much damage on the reputation of the government agencies, as well as placing sensitive and classified information that is only accessible by the security agencies in the public domain, thus making the security of the countries prone to many breaches (The Economic Times, 2013). For such reasons, he may have committed a big blunder, though the result is that, it has opened a public debate on the security agencies breaching of the privacy of private individuals and enti ties. Thus, instead of considering him as a criminal, he should be treated as a hero who worked towards risking his life, for the sake ensuring that the public is aware of the existing violations. Therefore, he should not be incriminated. References Ball, J. (October 25, 2013). Leaked memos reveal GCHQ efforts to keep mass surveillance secret. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/25/leaked-memos-gchq-mass-surveillance-secret-snowden Greenberg, A. (September 13, 2013). Intelligence Officials Admit That Edward Snowden's NSA Leaks Call For Reforms. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/13/intelligence-officials-admit-that-edward-snowdens-leaks-call-for-reforms/ The Economic Times. (Oct 26, 2013). Edward Snowden's leaks most serious in US history: ex-CIA official. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-26/news/43415706_1_intelligence-community-edward-snowden-intelligence-agencies Question 2 Mobile Threats This is a major threat to e very individual and even a threat personally, since it entails the installation of a malware on an individual’s mobile phone by criminals, who are able to manipulate the a malware program to be able to purchase items from the app store, without the permission of the mobile devise owner (McAfee report, 2012). The danger associated with this type of threat is that; it can drain the wallet accounts created by individuals for the purpose of online purchase of items from the app stores, since it can easily be installed on the mobile devices of such individuals, whenever they connect to the purchase sites. Malware This is another threat to the privacy and data accessibility of individuals, through the installation of malfunctioning software that blocks the operating system from being able to access data, thus blocking the accessibility of the data purchased, until the owner of the computer system pays some ransom. This type of software is called the ransomware (McAfee report, 2012) . This threat poses a danger to all of us, as well as to self, since it can be done to anyone’s computer. Big-Scale Attacks This is considered a big threat to all of us, since it is a malicious attack not specifically targeted at financial gain, but for the purposes of causing as much damage as possible to the computer systems. The most worrying aspect is that, the threat targets company systems, which will in turn put the performance

Why I Study Biology Essay Example for Free

Why I Study Biology Essay Biology is fascinating in itself. It teaches us all the ways of life not just from a mankind perspective but through all living things, whether, human species, plants etc. I personally study biology because I want to discover the creation and functions of all living things in the world. Being a Psychology major means studying the mind and in order to better understand the human mind, you have to know the basics in the ways of life and how to incorporate the science of human nature into why people react to life differently, culture, religion, politics, etc. All of these factors are taken into consideration into Biology. This semester was extremely challenging for me, and there were a lot of factors that contributed to my inability to study as hard as I know I am cable of. Had my first child this year, was abandoned by my son’s father to raise my son by myself. To make matters worse, I had some medical complications with my health. I was diagnosed with a Pulmonary Embolism. This news was devastating to me. I was hospitalize for a long time and was so depressed. With all of my problems at hand I had to go to work and work 40 hours a week just so I could support me and my son. With all of these devastating experiences in my life, studying seemed impossible to accomplish the way I wanted to. I was constantly in and out of the hospital, worried about my health and trying to get well. Today I am still recovering and believing that God will bring me peace and happiness in me and my son’s life. Some things I could have done better in studying would be that I could have taken my studies to work with me and studied on my lunch. I never did this because I only had an hour to get lunch and eat and I always thought that if I did this I would end of being late coming back from lunch. Another thing I believe would have helped me study better this semester is a strong support team. I did not have many people to help me like I needed. If I had someone to assist me while I studied I could have been a lot more successful. Instead I had to study and care for my son and that was difficult. Finally, when I think about my future in continuing with my courses, I know that I have to study even when I am tired. One bad habit that I had was when my son was sound asleep; I would try to get a few hours asleep as well so that I could be rested for work the next day. One thing I could have done to help me be more successful is to push myself just a little harder, and I ultimately believe I did not push myself to the max because I was so concerned about my health and stress was a trigger for me to feel sickly and I was so overwhelmed with everything going on in my life. What I hope to accomplish in the future is to be successful in my studies and to obtain my BA in Psychology and get my master’s as well. I have learned one thing through everything that I have been through. I reasoned with life from this analogy, life is like a game of baseball, anything that life pitches at you, it is you that have to ready to swing at any time. Whether it’s a fast ball, trick ball or curve ball, you have to prepare yourself for victory. If your just focus getting a home run, whether you struggle getting there or not, what matters is that you give your best to win.

Impacts of the Imaginary Number on Mathematics

Impacts of the Imaginary Number on Mathematics Mathematics was mans first approach to understanding the world around them since the beginning of humanity. The study grew with history in various forms with every human civilization, and as time passed, more discoveries were made that allowed humanity to reach great heights in agriculture, architecture, social structure, and their culture. Great mathematicians continued extensive studies and experiments with various values that existed in their time to further improve the study. However, the concept of the imaginary number i was developed fairly recently. This essay is written from the fascination of abstract mathematical concepts, to develop the impacts of the imaginary number on mathematics. In order to research this topic, I am required to view numerous proposed and established claims of the imaginary numbers history, and find these ideas being used with real numbers to obtain solutions to problems we have today in other subjects such as physics, and astronomy. The purpose of this essay is to further research the significance of the imaginary number, i, and its contributions to modern mathematics, physics, engineering, and other sciences. The expansion of knowledge on this topic will further propel the study of mathematics in the future. Mathematics is the only subject that can explain the universe in a logical, unbiased, and truthful way. Mathematics has been in the roots of the development of advanced civilizations, in any time period. As humanity advanced, mathematics expanded. However, dilemmas were created as a consequence of its advancements. People created concepts within mathematics which a human brain could not fully understand. Concepts such as the imaginary number, i, are impossible to truly comprehend with our limited minds. However, the beauty of mathematics is that even the most impossible seeming, imaginary number, i has a history, and has significant impacts to modern mathematics. In mathematics, a square number is defined as an integer that is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, as it is the product of 3 3. This can be written in an alternate notation, 32, which is pronounced as 3 squared. The name square comes from the fact that the area of a square is the product of its 2 equal side lengths. A square number is always a positive value, as positive positive = positive, and negative negative = positive also. If squaring exists as an operation, there has to be the counter operation; the square root, or . The square root takes a square number and reduces it to the single factor that was squared to form the square number. For example, = 3. As all square numbers are positive, square roots of negative numbers are illogical, or it was only considered illogical in the pastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ = i, or the imaginary number, has the property of becoming a real number when raised to the power of an even number; i2 = ()2 = 1, or; i4 = ()4 = 1. A real number include all of the rational numbers, as in it is a whole number, or has an ending decimal value, and all of the irrational numbers, which have unending decimal values. The characteristic that all 3 types of numbers have in common is that they can be represented in a number line, in some form. Unlike these real numbers, i has no way to be represented on a line.   Furthermore, i is not the only imaginary number; it is the unit imaginary number, used as a part of a complex number. A complex number is a combination of a real number and an imaginary number, taking the form of x + iy, where x and y are real numbers. For example, 12 5i is a complex number. However, when x = 0, leaving only iy, such as 16i, it is then called a purely imaginary number. In contrast, if y = 0 leaving only x, the complex number is then a real number. In this sense, all real numbers are actually just subsets of complex numbers. In calculations, complex numbers are often paired with conjugates, which is defined as the binomial formed by negating the second term of a binomial, in the form of x  ± yi; in relation to complex numbers, it is the complex number with the imaginary part having the opposite sign. For example, the conjugate of the complex number 12 5i is 12 + 5i. These conjugates functions to eliminate the imaginary numbers from the denominator of a complex fraction, by multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the appropriate conjugate. The conjugate always = 1, so it does not alter the value of any equation. For instance, in an equation such as    it can be simplified by multiplying (which equals 1) to it, resulting in = =   yielding a single complex number, As shown, the imaginary number is not some abstract concept of virtually zero use; it can be applied to real mathematics as simply as such. However, the idea of an imaginary number was not widely accepted until relatively recently in history, in the last 2 centuries or so. Before the concept of imaginary numbers were even conceived of, mathematics in the western world was restricted to geometry, led by the Ancient Greeks. The Algebra that modern mathematics is familiar with was invented by the Hindus, which was later translated and improved by the Arabs, spear-headed by Arab Mathematician Al-Khwarizmi(780-850). At the time, however, the solutions to polynomials were restricted to positive solutions, omitting any negative quantities. Al-Khwarizmis algebra was then translated from Arab to Latin by Gerardus Cremonensis, and Leonardo Bonacci, also known as Fibonacci. (MerinoOrlando) The first recorded use of complex numbers in seen in the works by Gerolamo Cardano. Cardano was an Italian mathematician during the 16th century Renaissance. In fact, he is recognized as one of the most influential mathematicians of the time, being a prominent member for the foundation of probability, binomial coefficients, and binomial theorems. He also contributed to the invention of the combination lock, and the modern gyroscope. He published over 200 works over the course of his lifetime. One of his famous works, the Ars Magna, published in 1545, included the problem To divide 10 in two parts, the product of which is 40, or finding the solution to 10 + 40 = 0. (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) Cardano usually used geometric algebra in order to avoid any use of negative numbers by considering several different forms of quadratic equations; however, he decided to solve the question he declares impossible. He first divided 10 in half, making each 5. Then according to the methods he discussed in the previous section of his book, he squares 5, and subtracts 40 from it, leaving à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢15. He then square roots -15, which he then adds and subtracts from 5, leaving him with the roots (5 + ) and (5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ). In mathematical terms, his operation was   Ã‚   52 = 25 25 40 = -15 5  ± (5 + ) (5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ) = 40. This is confirmed by simply multiplying the binomials: (25 5 + 5 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢15) =(25 + 15) = 40. However, Cardano writes that in conclusion, this solution is useless, as it cannot be performed. (MerinoOrlando) The next significant milestone was achieved by the mathematician Rafael Bombelli in his (1572) work, Algebra. He was the first to recognize the significance of à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1, and notates it pià º di meno, or plus of minus in Italian. Bombelli was far more familiar with the operation of negative numbers than Cardano, and establishes the rules when handling different signed numbers. His works are as follows; the following is directly translated from his work in Italian: Plus times plus makes plus (1 1 = 1) Minus times minus makes plus ( 1 1 = 1 ) Plus times minus makes minus ( 1 1 = 1 ) Minus times plus makes minus. ( 1 1 = 1 ) He then annunciates the behavior of the number plus of minus: Plus of minus times plus of minus makes minus ( = 1 ) Plus of minus times minus of minus makes plus ( = 1 ) Minus of minus times plus of minus makes plus ( = 1 ) Minus of minus times minus of minus makes minus ( = 1 ) (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) Bobelli took the same approach as other mathematician at the time when encountering negative roots as a solution to cubic and quadratic equations, often omitting them completely, or disregarding them. However, he did attempt once to solve a cubic using imaginary numbers, and succeeded, without realizing its validity. The term imaginary was coined by the philosopher and mathematician Renà © Descartes (1596-1650); he also coined the term real number to distinguish between real and imaginary roots of polynomials. He did not actually contribute to the mathematics aspect of i, but just provided a name for the poorly understood concept. John Wallis (1616 -1703) was first to introduce a geometric interpretation of complex numbers, and believe that negative numbers were larger than infinity, but still less than 0. This thought was shared by the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707 1783), who introduced the symbol i as the symbol for   , and linked the exponential and trigonometric functions in the famous formula eit = cos(t) + i  ·sin(t). The geometric interpretation of complex numbers that modern mathematics agree with was first introduced by Caspar Wessel (1745-1818). Wessel treated complex numbers as vectors (which, he did not use the term vector), and derived most of their properties, including trigonometric form of multiplication (or, algebraic multiplication). The acceptance of complex numbers in mathematical society was further elevated by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) with the use of complex numbers to Number Theory. Gauss introduced the term complex number, which he defined as the combination of real and imaginary numbers. However, i was still not fully accepted and understood until the mid-19th century, from the works of Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet, (1805-1865). He was responsible for the notation (x,y); he defined ordered pairs of real numbers of real numbers (a.b) to be a couple. This further implemented complex numbers as vectors or points on a plane, vector operators, and matrices. (MerinoOrlando) As one can observe from the historical track of i, complex numbers were abstract concepts of little value to mathematics until the last two centuries; many, such as Cardano and Bombelli, disregarded i as a valid method for finding solutions. However, today, with a better understanding of complex numbers, we can now solve equations they werent able to solve for centuries, with proper explanations to support the answer. With the knowledge of i, we are able to solve through some of the questions that the greatest mathematicians during the last few decades couldnt solve. One of the problems was derived from the cubic formula, invented by the Mathematician Del Ferro (1465 1526). To solve a quadratic equation, or an equation having the form , means finding the values of x for when y =0. In other words, when the equation is graphed on a xy-coordinate graph, the x values of the points where the line crosses the x-axis. Conveniently, an Indian mathematician named Brahmagupta (597-668 AD) invented a quadratic formula in to facilitate the process of finding the solutions: , where terms a, b, and c correspond with the letters in . (KnaustHelmut)While this is not the quadratic formula we are accustomed to today, , it was still a revolutionary way to solve quadratics. Del Ferro aimed to create a formula for cubic equations that have the same level of convenience as the quadratic formula., and he succeeds. The formula looked something like this:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   , for the cubic equation in the form of   Cardano later acquired this secretly guarded formula and modified it to a much simpler form, by using a change of variable x = to eliminate the x2 value to form a simpler cubic equation, . Cardano published this formula in the previously mentioned Ars Magna (KnaustHelmut). However, Cardano faced a major problem; in a slightly different version of the equation, he found that his formula would break under certain circumstances: when ; when plugged into Cardanos extra modified formula, = , The result involves a square root of negative numbers; these negative square roots were enough of a problem to cause Cardano to stop in his progress on this area. At the time, all negative roots as a solution was considered by mathematicians as the problems way of saying there are no solutions, and in most cases, it was true. Bombelli, however, while still not accepting the validity of the imaginary number, finished solving Cardanos problem.   In the instance of a cubic, there has to be at least 1 real solution, because of the nature of the shape of a cubic on the xy- graph. At least 1 point had to cross the x- axis, at all circumstances. This is one of the Fundamental Theorems of Algebra; a polynomial function has to have n number of solutions for the largest nth power. Through testing some integers, Bombelli found that 4 is one of the solution to the equation: 43 = 15(4) + 4 64 = 60 + 4 64 = 64 The solution, as anyone can see, is a real number; for this to be the case, Bombelli realized that the root of i parts of each half of the equation needs to cancel out, or equal to zero when added together, like this: He then used this idea to form complex conjugates, and where and b are constants that we need to obtain, which we equate to each half of the equation: We can then start solving for the constants by cubing both sides of the equation: )33 = )( + =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   = Now we need to separate the real and the imaginary parts:    and Now since we know that When we plug it into one of the derived equation, With these values, we now know that and When we cube these values, we can see that they do indeed equal what we started with:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   = And more importantly, when we add the two parts together as the formula tells us to do, we get the solution, 4. = 2 + 2 x = 4 Bombelli definitely solved Cardanos problem, using Interstingly, neither the original problem nor the answer had anything to do with but in the method, we can see that by extending the number system to include as a valid value, it is crucial to finding the answer, as the Mathematician Jacques Hadamard quoted, the shortest path between 2 truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. However, when Bombelli succeeded in finding this solution, he discarded his discovery and considered as sophistries, or tricks that only exist to solve problems like these. We, as thinkers of modern mathematics, know that this is not true, and there are much more sophisticated aspects to complex numbers. (BogomolnyAlexander, Remarks on the History of Complex Numbers) How, then, are imaginary numbers valid? First of all, we need to understand exactly what limitations real numbers have. We are already familiar with the number line; it is an infinitely long line comprised of all real numbers, positive and negative. It includes all integers, all fractions and decimals, and even irrational numbers, or numbers with infinitely long decimal places, such as or . However, there is no place for on this line, and for centuries, no mathematicians could find a place for it because of one reason; i is 3-dimensional. In other words, because of the fact that i does not fit in a real line, all multiples of i, positive and negative, form another line, perpendicular to the line of real numbers. In the xy- coordinate plane, i forms a third axis perpendicular to both the x-axis and the y-axis. With this comprehension, we can further define complex numbers as functioning points or vectors in the Complex Plane. A vector is defined as a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another in a plane. This property of i opens up exponentially many possible uses of i in the 3-dimensional physical world. The term imaginary make the perception of i to be some abstract, incomprehensible mathematical fallacy by many people, and it was true, until last 2 centuries. The truth is, i is as real as any other number; many people today argue that the Cartesian name of the value, the imaginary number is misleading, because of all of the real potentials the value actually holds. In physics alone, complex numbers are used to calculate the amount of stress on structures, resonance, for the manipulation of large matrices in modeling various figures, and is especially used extensively when dealing with electrical current, and wavelength. In electrical engineering, values can be divided into scalar quantities and complex quantities; scalar is what real numbers are called in the scientific language. Some examples of scalar quantities include voltage produced by a power source, the resistance of any component in an electric circuit, measured in ohms (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦), and electrical current through a wire, measured in amps. During some circuit manipulation, electrical engineers found that in alternating current circuits, voltage, current and resistance, or in physics terminology, impedance measured in AC, were not outputting scalar quantities like other DC circuits. They instead had alternating direction and amplitude (or magnitude), which as a result, had another dimension of frequency and phase shift. Engineers found that it was impossible to organize and represent all of these non-scalar values with real numbers; therefore, they turned to complex numbers, that were multi-dimensional in nature, and could express the 2 -dimentional quantity of frequency and phase shift in a single complex number. However, in physics and electronics, the letter j is used in the place of i to prevent confusion, as the letter i is used to represent the value of current. Therefore, scientists would write the complex numbers in the form of . (RobertsDonna) In electrical science, engineers are required to calculate missing values based off of given data, using specific equations such as E = I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Z, where E = voltage, I = current, and Z = impedance. For example, if the voltage in a series circuit is 45 + j10 volts and the impedance is 3 + j4 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, the scientist is required to be able to calculate the current by simply using the equation and inserting the values: amps (RobertsDonna) In contrast to some of the math problems we solved previously, the answer to these questions remain complex, which is natural, since the value still has to represent a 2-dimensional quantity of phase changes and frequency. These data are applied to anything electronic, from computers to washing machines, from someones smartphones to traffic lights; imaginary numbers are being used in the real world everywhere, which is why there are even arguments about the terminology of imaginary should be edited to an updated, mathematically correct term, such as lateral numbers for its lateral behavior in complex planes. i is truly valid. The concept of i existed for such a short period of time, yet what it allowed us to accomplish within that time is beyond imaginable. Society saw an explosion of technological development, improved machines, and programming; all of which would have been impossible without the understanding of i in the world run by technology and electricity. However, the most crucial achievements of i is that from a number that we considered to not exist in this world, we learned more about fundamental laws of physics, the dimensions we live in, and the world, the real world; we need to learn from it, and appreciate it for existing. References   Ã‚   Bogomolny, Alexander. Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles. 2015. Article. 17 September 2016. Knaust, Helmut. The Cubic Formula. 20 5 1998. sosmath. Article. 24 September 2016. Merino, Orlando. A Short History of Complex Numbers. Kingston, January 2006. Document. Roberts, Donna. Does Anyone Ever Really Use Complex Numbers? 2012. Article. 25 September 2016. Weisstein, Eric W. Complex Number. 4 September 2016. from Wolfram MathWorld. Article. 19 September 2016.

Women and Fiction in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Women and Fiction in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a deceptively simple story.   It is easy to follow the thirteen pages of narrative and conclude the protagonist as insane.   This is a fair judgement, after all no healthy minded individual becomes so caught up with "hideous" and "infuriating" wallpaper to lose sleep over it, much less lock herself in a room to tear the wallpaper down.   To be able to imagine such things as "broken necks" and "bulbous eyes" in the wallpaper is understandable, irrational and erratic designs can form rational patterns in our minds, but to see a woman locked inside of the "bars" of the wallpaper and attempt to rescue her seems altogether crazy.   Her fascination with the wallpaper does seem odd to us, but it easy to focus on the eccentricity of her interest with paper and lose sight of what the wallpaper institutes: her writing.   It is her writing that keeps her sane, the wallpaper that makes her insane, and from these two very sym bolic poles the short story rotates.   Gilman's short story is not simply about a lonely woman's descent into madness, but is symbolic of previous and contemporary women writer's attempt to overcome the "madness" and bias of the established, male dominated literary society that surrounds them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the very beginning of the narrator's vacation, the surroundings seem not right.   There is "something queer" about the mansion where she resides it becomes obvious that her attempt to rest from her untold illness will not follow as planned.   The house is an "ancestral" and "hereditary estate...long untenanted" invoking fanciful gothic images of a "haunted house" (3).   The house they choose to reside in for the three... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Yellow Wallpaper" is not simply a story of a woman whose imagination drives her insane, it is a symbolic story of the woman writer who wishes to free herself from the conventions of the male dominated literary world.   Gilman's proposes that women can achieve such status that they deserve, but that they must first acknowledge and see truthfully the "madness" surroundings, the tenets created by men, and become driven by the "madness" to overcome it.   It is not impossible, but an uphill battle won by many others.   Charlotte Perkins Gilman is proof of this: her work is wholly a part of the literary canon, among the best of her male peers.    Though this be madness, yet there is method in 't -Shakespeare    WORK CITED    Perkins, Charlotte Perkins. The Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reader. Editor Ann J. Lane. New York: Pantheon, 1980.   

Brain Cell Transplants

For decades the wonders of science have miraculously improved and given hope to the unfortunate individuals of the world. From stem cell research to cloning, there is not a day that goes by that there is not a lab that is not full of eager scientists working hard in effort to find a cure for some of the millions of illnesses that are present today. There are many disabled children living throughout the world today. In fact, they make up quite a large portion of the world.From mental illnesses, to physical disabilities, there are thousands  of different types of diseases that strike newborns and children every day. Causes attributed to such illnesses can be anything from hereditary reasons to environmental. Fortunately, we have our magnificent scientists striving to help these children. In August of 2000, scientists began developing brain cell transplants to treat the damage caused by a stroke. The procedure appeared to benefit some patients. What this means is that their is, in fac t hope for children with mental disabilities, because a stroke causes mild to sever brain damage.Rehabilitation plays an important role once the brain cell transplants have taken place. And, not all patients will show signs of improvements. This is an ongoing study that is still being worked on and has much room for improvement. In the laboratory, scientists have actually developed a process which uses several to transform cells called LBS-neurons into mature brain cells or neurons. The regular LBS-neurons originate from human tumor tissue composed of embryonic like cells. This is a long way from looking through a magnifying glass!

Informative Speech on Art Communication

A. Gain Attention The most famous quote that people associate with art is â€Å"A picture paints a thousand words†. Although this is a quote widely known, I would say that the quote â€Å"Painting is a blind man's profession. He paints not what he sees, but what he feels, what he tells himself about what he has seen† accurately describes the essence of art. B. Arouse Interest Art is an outlet for self-expression and creativity. Through the use of paintings many artists have created works that have become known throughout the entire world. And why are these paintings so famous? visual aid: Andy Warhol, American Gothic, Guernica, The Persistence of Memory, The Last Supper, The Scream) * Complexity * Controversy C. Thesis Statement. Without a doubt, art is a form of communication that allows one to express what they cannot accomplish through the use of words. D. Establish Qualifications Through the art history course that I took here at Seneca Valley and the extensive rese arch that I have done I have discovered many ways through which art can communicate a message that the artist wants to make public.E. Forecast Organization and Development There is a form of communication called aesthetic communication and this is what the messages given through the form of art are. They are creative representations of an artist’s ideas, perspective, views, and values through the use of various symbols, colors, and methods. Through these uses of art, the artist creates meaningful works, whose purpose is to invoke a response from the audience. There are hundreds of examples of paintings that have had huge effects on society.There are paintings which have captured history and the values during a certain time and there are paintings that have made a social commentary on the time of creation. BODY A. Through the use of symbols, many paintings convey messages that might mean different things for different people. Visual aid: the persistence of time and Andy Warhol ’s Campbell’s soup. What are these artists trying to say? Symbolism of melting clocks, ants, and the fading painting: Andy Warhol’s symbolism of the soup cans: humor, poking fun at the traditional painting of the fruit bowl, repetition.One might not immediately derive this from looking at the painting. Some might even criticize it because they don’t understand the message. All these things might mean something different to someone from a different culture. What you are exposed to ultimately influences your thoughts and perceptions on a subject and artists do count for this. They know that there are differences in the way that people see their paintings. They embrace this. Everything is not always black and white in the world of art.Although many art historians analyze paintings for years and years, sometimes in some cases, we may never know the entirety of the message that the artist wanted to convey through the painting. These two paintings attempt to te ll a story through the use of these symbols B. Paintings have also become a way to capture history in the making. They were used before photographs and now, some paintings are the only things we have to rely on for knowledge about certain ancient cultures. â€Å"It is said that art is a way of communicating that which is within to those who are on the outside. The artists who capture these moments in history, obviously found it necessary that they paint it. They want to show the world an event, a person, or a place that has extreme significance to them. Take for example, Pablo Picasso’s Guernica. This painting was a response to the devastating events which took place in Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The painting shows severed head, mutilated animals and bodies, and overall suffering. Through this painting Picasso made a comment on how war and fighting ultimately leads to suffering of innocent beings.This painting clearly shows his anti-war views and his promotion of peace. Francisco De Goya’s painting: Tres De Mayo Shows French soldiers being executed for defending Madrid. The way that it is portrayed in the painting, you can obviously tell what Goya thought about this event. He felt the need for these martyrs to be remembered. He valued their lives and wanted justice for what the French had done. This is also a way to communicate what took place on that day and through these horrible images, the painting can be interpreted as a call to arms, to defend Spain.Going back to symbolism, the stance of the man in white says a lot about Goya’s view. He has a Christ like stance in the painting, which shows that Goya believes that he is a martyr. He is someone sacrificing himself for his people. C. Paintings are also used to make social commentary on beliefs or issues that we face in the world. One of the most famous paintings that reflects a time in history is American Gothic. This painting has been taken to be a satire of the MidWestern life and way of thinking during the time that Grant Wood painted it.This painting is widely used to show current social issues and the people in the painting are usually replaced with what the current culture believes is the standard. In those times this painting reflected the simpler life, but the meaning is unknown. Many believe that he was being satirical, poking fun at the innocence of the Western life and the simplicity. The title also seems to be satirical as well, â€Å"American Gothic†. The Gothic movement was most certainly not American and he might be making fun by comparing adding this gothic architecture to the surrounding all American scene in the painting.Andy Warhol’s The Last Supper Series: One painting in particular features an outline of the last supper painting and brand names plastered all over the painting. This is a comment on our society today and our obsession with materialistic things, comparing it to the times of the last supper makes our obs ession seem even more dramatic. The painting is also a comment on the excessive advertisements in our society today. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/painting. html

Foreign Aid as a tool for Foreign Policy

Foreign aid is defined as voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another country, at times as leverage to cohorts the receiving country do what the donor country wants. But it may be given as a signal of diplomatic approval, or to strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behavior desired by the country giving the aid, to extend the donor's cultural influence, or to gain political strength here at home as abroad. According to the USAID website, foreign aid is given through eight different types of monetary assistance. These eight different forms of assistance are agriculture, democracy and governance, economic growth and trade, environment, education and training, global health, global partnerships, and humanitarian assistance. From 1980 to 2008, U. S. total foreign assistance has increased from 9. 69 billion to just over 49 billion in 2008. From the 49 billion spent in 2008 alone, close to 15. 5 billion was spent on military aid while the rest was divided between economic assistance in fields such as agriculture, international development, and other economic growth and trade programs. The largest recipients of the two foreign aid subdivisions, military and economic aid, went respectively to the regions of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. The country in the Middle East with the highest recipient of aid was Afghanistan, with close to 9 of the 49 billion dollars of aid in the 2008 year alone (USAID, 2013. ) As we can see a lot of our tax payer’s money goes abroad to countries many American cannot find on a world map, but we need to help these countries for the safety of our people, at least in the eyes of every politicians in office. American liberals, as described by Bob Burnett of the Huffington Post, fall between two primary types of camps that determine their views of U. S. Foreign Aid. Idealists and realist camps, focus on the need for international humanitarian aid which is similar to our own domestic welfare on a national level (Burnett, 2006. ) They tend to favor foreign aid as a means to educate and develop relationships through cooperation and financial funding. Other far left liberal groups discourage military spending while encouraging to increase social programs internationally. They believe that poverty stricken countries in need of assistance otherwise known as â€Å"Third World† countries are indebted to other countries which lead to their current status as reported on the Green Party Platform (GPP, 2000. ) As a primary focus to foreign aid and success to developing nations is the assistance to increase food production, availability to clean drinking water, reduction of infant mortality, and improvements toward health by means of the green revolution. Lastly, they utilize terms of humanitarian aid as to be consistent with their egalitarian values. In recent discussion to reform the current foreign aid policy, Democratic representative Howard Berman introduces a reform proposal â€Å"Global Partnership Act of 2012† to replace the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act. This policy would restore budget functions towards the USAID and develop new funding mechanisms focused on innovation, microenterprise development, and rapid humanitarian response, and reduce violence against women (Mungcal, 2012. In addition, this policy would focus on reduction of global poverty, accelerated economic growth, agricultural innovation, advancement in health, combating diseases, global education strategy, gender equality, assistance to persons that have been affected by conflict or disaster, and monitoring/investing towards sustaining upward success and control of financing through government regulations (HR, 2012. ) Thus, they create a more specific rational belief to solve foreign issues utilizing our government system to regulate. When observing the implementers of the USAID they have nearly 2,000 experienced employees (USAID, 2013. Other proposals by liberals represented by the Green Party express international solidarity maintaining peace and security through a global green deal. This particular deal will concentrate finances on universal education, food, sanitation and purified water, health care, and family services for every person on Earth. This particular proposal â€Å"Fund Global Basic Human Needs† would gain funding by retiring the military from our economy and closing all overseas military bases In addition, eliminate the CIA, NSA, and all other covert Warfare in order to reallocate funding towards aid. Lastly, this platform would eliminate debt from poverty stricken countries thus creating emphasizing their egalitarian beliefs (GPP, 2000. ) Another foreign aid announced by President Barack Obama is the Global Health Initiative that would continue to develop from the pre-existing program by President Bush, President’s Emergency Plan for Aids Relief. This continued improving program will expand to other countries instead of only Africa, it would encourage prevention, care, and treatment while strengthening government partnership and invest in research internationally to maximize outcomes (UNAIDS, 2009. In addition, they seek to reduce higher statistics of disease contraction and mortality of women and children while strengthening global health partnerships. Based upon the ideological spectrum of liberal beliefs, through their core value of rationalism they exhibit faith in human reason to solve complex problems that cause poverty in third world countries. By creating regulatio ns, education about health and finances, and encouraging progress towards mutual goals through the Global Partnership Act of 2012, liberals believe that underprivileged countries will progressively develop towards sustainability based upon human rationale. As an egalitarian belief, liberals from the Green Party believe and promote human equality by their party platform of universal health care for every person on the planet which indicates equal treatment by means of education, health, and services. They promote internationalism by means of equal treatments towards other countries and foreign aid reform of the PEPFAR towards all countries instead of the countries within the African continent. Moreover, liberals seek change as soon as possible which led to the speedy approval of PEPFAR and Africa’s request for assistance in regards to immediate medical attention and assistance. Therefore, the liberals utilize the government as a strong feature to decide and guide towards our faith in solving socioeconomic problems internationally while attempting to cultivate foreign governments with their ideology. Lastly, they value their belief of individual liberties and encourage the development of foreign countries so that their citizens will be treated fairly and just by their government. When approaching foreign aid as a contemporary American conservative, they utilize the term foreign policy as opposed to aid as a reference of government action rather than a community decision. They seem to favor foreign policy by means of military and health care; however, the primary goal is to develop relationships with foreign countries to prevent conflicts. Although they discuss creating trade agreements and forming partnerships, they seem to be strategizing in terms of security and protection for America. In regards to funding, conservatives don’t seem to favor the idea of increasing tax spending towards foreign aid and seek to reform due to their subjective views on failed results. Therefore, they view investment towards a flawed foreign policy will lead to more spending in military forces to protect America from unstable countries. Moreover, I feel that conservatives have a strong belief in nationalism and would want to share this system by encouraging other undeveloped countries to conform to our system. As a conservative perspective towards foreign aid, our government allocates tax payers funding towards the Millennium Challenge Corporation or MCC which would utilize a procedural form of selecting certain countries by means of performance while being evaluated by a board and executed by 300 employees (MCC, 2013. The criteria would be based upon whether or not they can compete with other countries in regards to Gross National Income of low or middle class sustaining, improving their quality and performance as a country, or graduating with a year If there are no signs of improvement or potential, they would not be eligible for the next year and be left to thei r own elements. The form of criteria emphasizes a value of elitism on the competitive national level. Basically, if a certain country is not deemed successful due to lack of intellect, strength of its citizens, or ability to overcome poverty then we decline assistance. In another perspective, we can view our system of criteria and success based on the survival of the fittest which is a value of inequality. In addition, the goals of the MCC are to leave the responsibility of the foreign government to facilitate their own success towards growth in health and agriculture, create partnerships, and property rights (MCC 2013. ) We basically leave their government in the faith of the invisible hand to guide their success rather than micro managing their success by means of government. Lastly we encourage property and individual right through the investment policy to reduce poverty. As discussed by James Roberts a researcher for International Trade and Economics, â€Å"MCC's selectivity and associated seal of approval creates powerful incentives for developing countries to uphold democratic and free-market principles, invest responsibly in their citizens, and transition their economies from developing to emerging markets† (Roberts, 2013. ) He encourages a core value of faith in non-human institutions by means of a free market rather than government controlled. In addition, the MCC encourages national accountability towards developing democratic reform and trade policies thus validating their values within nationalism. In a recent proposed foreign aid budget, Josh Riggin reports, â€Å"The long-term budget announced on Tuesday by House Budget Chairman Paul Ryan would cut the budget for international affairs and foreign assistance by 29 percent in 2012 and 44 percent by 2016 while increasing the defense budget by 14 percent over the same timeframe† (Rogin, 2011. Basically, he would be increasing the current spending bill on defense of 22 billion to 583 billion for national defense and security while decreasing national affairs from 37 billion to 22 billion. This validates the characteristic of the need to increase spending on defense or authority and stability with conservatives. Moreover, the decrease in foreign aid would be left at the hands of faith in non-human institutions. In a report by U. S. World News, Evan Moore and Patrick Christy claim â€Å"Aid is hard power. It is a weapon the United States uses to strengthen allies [and partners] and, thus, ourselves. (Moore & Christy, 2013. ) In this statement, they value a sense of authority, stability, and order in regards to security with military. However, due to sequestration to cut foreign aid, conservatives believe that it will avoid assistance towards promoting national security and create instability in weak states as well as on a global level. Basically, foreign aid directed towards developing a country will hinder strategic investment with allies in military which is the primary goal. As a statement towards nationalism, Gary Connor publisher of Palestine. Herald-Press, he claims that the U. S spends billions of tax payers’ money every year on foreign aid while we continue to be underfunded on a national level primarily with disaster relief, education, and border security (Connor, 2013. ) His conservative belief opposes internationalism while focusing on America as the priority versus developing countries that may not be contributing to our society. In addition, he emphasizes a sense of elitism in the aspect of the funding that was gained by tax payers should be used towards the tax payers despite the harsh reality underdeveloped countries. As a primary characteristic of a conservative, their primary worries in regards to the foreign aid policy are the unintended consequences. As reported by Thomas Eddlem contributor to The New American publication, â€Å"US foreign aid programs often funded autocratic regimes that have committed human rights abuses and stand against democratic principles† (Eddlem, 2013. ) In other words, American funding towards foreign aid has become the financing for their government to oppress and control opposing voices. Another report claims American aid to Egypt purchases in the last 30 years towards their regime that performs torture and brutality. The challenge to foreign aid is whether or not we have implemented proper authorities to ensure foreign aid given by America’s tax payers are being utilized effectively. Due to the conservatives lack of confidence in the government’s ability to create progressive results using the tax payers money, conservatives state that â€Å"Billions of American dollars from faith-based and other charitable, academic, and humanitarian groups go to the needy overseas every year and have far better results than government ODA† (Roberts, 2013. Although conservatives may seem reluctant to push towards foreign aid, their support through religious charity groups emphasizes a faith in non-human institutions. Contemporary American moderates would approach foreign aid in a collaborative value between conservatives and liberals; however, they would primarily compromise their beliefs to coincide with the current status quo. They would probably continue keep a balance of spending to aid foreign countries by means of finances and health assistance, but to primarily remain conscious as to prevent from leaning towards focus on the government for all assistance and seeking private donations as well. In addition, they would probably continue the traditional USAID form of foreign aid and balance with the new updated approach of the MCC or to combine both of these programs. In recent alternative propositions by the Foreign Service Despatches and Periodic Reports on U. S. Foreign Policy by Dobransky, he considers multiple alternatives in the views of moderates. The first policy would be to maintain U. S. foreign aid by continuing to utilize USAID and the recent version MCC. In the perspective of Americans, both forms of aid have been approved and criticized openly by multiple parties; however, they are both still being utilized and approved by congress as the usual form of application (Dobransky, 2011. The second alternative would be to merge both programs of the USAID and MCC which would primarily cause shared mass information to the public and be able to whittle down flaws and target areas of success to increase efficacy. Moreover, there would be one organization as opposed to two leading groups that oppose each other’s’ views despite a common goal. A proposition brought on by the Green Party that would encourage a global deal to fund tow ards education, food, and other basic needs to every human on this planet by means of American tax payers. Sounds like a truly selfless proposal; however, the majority of Americans would not want to place all resources and hard earned money to the rest of the world. This would probably exhaust America’s budget and would be impossible to ensure that every single person is receiving the same exact treatment. In addition, America would not want to sacrifice closing overseas military bases which would place our country in a higher and much vulnerable state due to weak security. When evaluating the MCC policy, they emphasize a rich value in elitism by means of leaving these countries to their own device. If we are investing in these particular countries by means of our tax payer’s money, we would want to see positive results by means of guidance and American political perspective to decrease poverty and social ills rather than finance countries then leave them to figure out how to succeed. In addition, with the amount billions of dollars spent to aid other countries we can afford to increase representatives of the limited 300 employees of MCC in order to properly work side by side with invested countries. Politicians in America use Foreign Aid as a weapon to achieve what they want from other countries, but they do not really see the real problems that this help causes in poor countries, or at least they act as they do not see it. For example Foreign Aid causes major corruption and even more poverty. The governments in poor countries do not really care about the people and they are not design like the government in the United States. If we follow the history of Foreign Aid, we can see that every time we help a country, we always end up fighting that country at one point or another. Foreign Aid should be limited and the US should hold the countries that received aid accountable for how they use it. Millions of dollars are lost in fraudulent contracts and misuse by the receiving governments, we do not have a saying in how these governments can use our hard earn money. For the US government to continue having the approval of the people in foreign aid help, it needs to fix the requirements for who qualifies to receive foreign aid, and also when to use foreign aid as a tool for foreign policy.

Use of Formal Assessment Tools for Patients Spiritual Needs Essay

Use of Formal Assessment Tools for Patients Spiritual Needs - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that  the spiritual needs of the patients are less tangible compared to physical, because they are often difficult to measure, complex, and abstract hence, given lower priority than other needs especially physical needs. Spiritual needs are defined as factors that are needed to diminish the spiritual deficits or enhance spiritual strengths of a person. These needs are concerned with person’s relationship and meaning of things that transcends the material things.This paper outlines that to achieve much effectiveness and efficiency, formal assessment tools should take less time, be flexible, and be easy to use. The words used during assessment should encourage the patient to participate in the process. It should be conducted in a manner that is non- judgemental and non-threatening. There are three major formal assessment tools namely: FICA Model, Howden’s Spirituality Assessment Scale, and Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale.  The scale focuse s on four main areas namely: transcendence, inner resources, meaning and purpose in life, and unifying interconnectedness. Lastly, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale is an assessment tool used by health professionals and is based on assessing spiritual needs of older adults. The tool is based on 21 statements which are rated according to a scale of â€Å"strongly agree† - â€Å"strongly disagree†.  These formal assessment tools are the best way for a health professional to ensure that assessment and care of patient’s spiritual needs are met.