How does the body obtain and utilise energy? Essay

The cardiovascular establishmentThe myocardium, commonly refer release to as the midriff, acts as a pump for transporting tune around the frame via a collective governing ashes, know as the cardiovascular organization. This dodge has miscellaneous components demarcation vessels brinyly arteries, veins and capillaries. The cardiovascular organization has four main functions in spite of appearance the body. Firstly to transport dissolved oxygen, hormones, nutrients, salts, enzymes and urea to cells located around various places in spite of appearance the body, whilst at the same time eliminating whatever bollix products much(prenominal) as speed of light dioxide and weewee. Secondly, to protect the body from infection and derivation loss.Thirdly, to distribute heat around the body to alter a healthy temperature of 37oc and in the long run to support the body to maintain melted balance. This human pump can be regarded as two pumps. The fist fold organ demands two muscular domiciliate the upper chamber the atrium and the lower the ventricle. The veracious side of the heart pumps deoxygenated course from the veins to the lungs for oxygenation, whilst the leftfield side pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body. It is important to bank line that the two sides be separated by a septum. The blood flows finished the heart twice within one cycle, this is kn avow as double circulation.The cardiovascular system carries oxygen and glucose to the cells and transports eat up products such as co2 and urea away from the cells and to former(a) split of the body, such as the lungs and kidneys. Adenosine triphosphate, too cognise as adenosine triphosphate, is a chemical muscularity that is produced when nutrient molecules are burnt. adenosine triphosphate is constantly be produced on a daily basis due to the equipment failure of glucose. Glucose is a sugar which is the main  rootage of energy for the body. Glucose is disconne cted spile and the energy from the glucose molecule chemical bonds are rickd and use by the cell to produce adenosine triphosphate molecules. Catabolism is a metabolic deed that passs down more complex molecules, such as lipids and proteins and transforms them into simpler molecules, such as oily erosives and amino acids in rescript to release energy. The breakdown of victuals entirelyows energy to be released as the victualssmolecules bonds are rift. This energy is accordingly utilized to refine the bonds that have been upset(a) to enable an increase of ATP to be created. More energy can be produce when oxygen is flummox. An aerobic product of ATP takes place within the mitochondria. The broken down fare molecules enter the blood stream. The blood is a smooth which is do up of passing and white cells.The passing blood cells are attached to a protein called hemoglobin, (which is accountable for giving blood its red appearance) oxygen is present within these red blood cells. Glucose is dissolved in the plasma. germ plasm consist of water, fats, proteins and salts. Plasma is responsible for transporting blood cells throughout the body and nutrients i.e. glucose, It excessively transports waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins and hormones. Iron is similarly present within red blood cells and exhort attracts oxygen. The cells require oxygen to produce energy.The body would not receive the nutrients it needs if the cardiovascular system was not in place, on that pointof it is essential. The cardiovascular system is dependent on metabolic reactions. The heart itself needs ATP to function therefore the CV system would not crap without the products of metabolism.The sufferive systemThe digestive system consist of various organs such as, the pancreas, stomach and pertness bladder, which all work together to convince food into energy and to extract the spanking nutrients that the body requires to function efficiently. The diges tive system has several components which all have their own duties to carry out in order to break down the food note by step. Although digestion has several travel there are two main forms of digestion that these steps fall into. The first form being mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves physically break the food into picayuneer pieces by chewing. The secant form being chemical digestion. This involves faulting down the food into simpler nutrients with the assistance of digestive enzymes such as, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Digestive enzymes are proteins that break up large molecules of food into low-spiriteder molecules to enable them to be pursueed and apply by the cells in the form of nutrition.The digestive tract plays a vital economic consumption within the digestive system, it is a render that is responsible for passing the food to be further broken down. It consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, the itsy-bitsy and large intestines a nd the anus. The other organs that work within the digestive system accommodate dentition, tongue, three pairs of salivary glands, the liver, the pancreas and the gall bladder. The teeth cut and grind the food in order for it to be swallowed, the salivary glands also produce and secrete salvia to aid the swallowing. As stated before there are three salivary glands which all carry out a different function the parotid, which produces amylase in order to digest the carbohydrates. The submandibular provides mucin as a form of lubrication for the food bolus to travel down the esophagus to the stomach. Finally, the submandibular which secretes mucus. The tongues trading is to roll and mix the food into a formulae cognise as bolus, which consists of comminuted pieces of mashed up food. one time the bolus is made, the tongue pushes it towards the pharynx and into the esophagus during the form of swallowing. The esophagus takes the food down to the stomach. The stomach is where t he food is churned and mixed together with gastric fluids, such as enzymes and hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach walls to make a paste like substance known as chyme. The alimentary canal is the scurvy intestine. The alimentary canal is a subway system that flows from the mouth to the anus. It consist of three parts the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The duodenum is attached to the stomach and is majorly involved in the breaking down process. Digestive enzymes are secreted by the pancreas to the duodenum. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.The pancreas also performs the role of producing insulin, which is the main hormone responsible for metabolizing sugar, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. The jejunum and the ileum absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream. Contents of the small intestine initially begin semi-solid and transform into complete liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile enzymes an d mucus are responsible for the change in consistency. The villi are vital for the absorption of digestive nutrients. The cells of the villi transport the food from the digestive tract into the bloodstream where the body can utilize them efficiently. The villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, they also contain specialized cells which transfer various types of nutrients into the blood. The liver then takes over and processes the absorbed nutrients from the small intestine.Liver also secrets bile into the small intestine which aids in the digestion of fats. at that place is a muscular tube known as the colon, which provides a pathway from the small intestine to the rectum. The large intestine plays a crucial role within the digestive system, it is responsible for processing waste which allows the voiding of the bowels to be easy and efficient. Undigested food is transferred from the small intestine to the large intestine. Once in the large intestine water is reabsorb ed and undigested food and fibre are eliminated.After this process the food waste products harden and turn into faeces. Which are in conclusion excreted via the anus. Once food has completed the process of digestion and has completely broken down, energy is provided to enable physical activity from walking to talking, from sports to working. intellectual nourishment provides the energy that is essential for everyday tasks. It also provides energy for involuntary activities such as, thinking, breathing, nerves, organs (especially the heart) to carry out their functions and the ability to get along and repair tissues.