434Mod1Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

434Mod1Case - Essay ExampleOften cyber ethics precept is based on one significant possibility or combination of two theories. The two major(ip) theoretical approaches are teleological and deontological theories. Teleological theories states treats consequences to be a measure of actions good. On the other hand deontological theories consider actions righteousness to be above goodness. Utilitarian foundation is a part of teleological theories. This foundation states that action of an individual should be equal to maximize happiness and good for all who are affected by such actions. It highlights the factor that actions of a person should be based on probable consequences that may be resulted by the action to begin with it is been executed. This theory claims that a person should think about each and every individual and not scarce person taking a decision. Deontological theory is an ethical study based on duties. It considers duty and faithfulness toward principle to be most es sential factors (Gold, 2010). This theory states that an actions consequences are not that weighty in comparison to rightness of the action. As per this theory an action is said to be valid if actions that are taken by individuals do not lead to any mannikin of contradiction. The basic concept of this theory is that individuals should work according to their intelligence and virtue act justly, should tell truth and avoid any form of injury towards others. Both the theories have different elements which state the importance of cyber ethics. This form of education has gained its importance in the recent years where stealing music or video is considered to be equivalent to actual theft. Students are made aware about the different cyber crimes and its impact on others (Starr, 2011). Information technology in the prove scenario has given liberty to individuals to access various data but also it has posed a curse to ones privacy.In American schools

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate regime - Essay Examplebility and performance of the product and services are sustained and change so that sign of the zodiacs are non only able to retain existing customers but also attract new consumers. therefrom risk management through effective governance, innovation, knowledge management and value addition become hypercritical elements for protecting and sustaining the value of the products for consumers.All people directly or indirectly associated with the company are called stakeholders. Thus, customers, employees, shareholders, creditors, debtors, suppliers, regulators activeness groups etc. all become stakeholders in the company as they are, one way or another, affect by the business activities (Solomon, 2007. The identification of various stakeholders is important they are linkages that significantly impact the performance of the firm and promote development of society in general. In the contemporary environment of competitive business, the firms are not o nly motivated by financial benefits but play wider roles in the development of the society as a whole. Various stakeholders ensure that the business is having positive impact on the wider imperatives of social causes like environment, unwrap HR practices, effective CSR practices etc.The analysis of stakeholders also helps the firm to proactively support the community welfare and at the same time, meet the changing preferences of the customers, thereby significantly impacting it productive outcome and improving its image and believability amongst the stakeholders.The corporate governance gatekeepers are people who are in position to influence the decisions and activities of the management for improved and ethically delivered bearings and goals of the company. The main gatekeepers of the firm are independent and competent board independent and competent auditors objective and competent legal council and competent financial advisors. The responsibilities of different gatekeepers is t o ensure that board is given the right advice regarding

Design the telecommunications network to support a new multi-location Essay

Design the tele conferences web to abide a new multi-location practice - Essay ExampleThe use of latest networking tools has transformed the overall initiation particularly occupation areas. At the present, organizations have much faster, accurate and enhanced ways for business and integrated management. This paper presents communication network specification for a Dental Office. In this scenario I will advise a new network technology and selective info sharing method for better management of the corporeal areas. Requirements for the Network I have presented below few of the requirements for new network technology implementation at corporation Offering better communication services at corporation Establishment of effective data sharing environment Offering secure data annoy points for communication Establishment of better communication facility Offering remote access to network Offering remote data transfer and access weapon Implementing new and enhanced data communicatio n framework Offering better data prophylactic and access points Implementing enhanced capability of data handling Developing better data handling mechanism Suitable data backup and recovery mechanism Superior data transfer speed rough-and-ready user management Tight security login and access methods Network Information and Data Need protection In this network establishment main sensitive data that we have is about the Dental Clinic clients (patients). This data needs to be secured for superior management and corporate security and privacy. This link of data cornerstone accommodate uncomplaining name long-suffering address Patient content Patient financial expound Patient medial details Patient medical history Patient personal and sensitive information Patient funds transfer information Besides we overly have some of the important information regarding doctors and new(prenominal) clinic staff. In this scenario we have a lot of details regarding staff working and financial in formation that can be extremely sensitive cater Person name ply Person address Staff Person content Staff Person financial details Staff Person job details Staff Person working history Staff Person personal and sensitive information Staff Person salary and financial transfers details In addition, this new corporate network and database will also keep some sensitive information regarding Dental Clinic itself. I have outline below some of the important aspects that will be kept by network database for the business line of reasoning financial information Business staff details Business tax details Business revenue information Business assistants details Business daily working schedule Network Specification For analyzing the needs and requirements of Dental Clinic business and operational capabilities required by corporation I would suggest a new and effective network arrangement for the business. For this network development, I would suggest the implementation of VPN (virtual backs tage network). In this scenario, a virtual private network (VPN) is a network arrangement that makes use of a public telecommunication arrangement, like that internet, to digest remote offices or individual clients through protected access to their organizations communication network. In addition, the basic death of a VPN is to offer the business the similar potentials however at a much lower comprise

Representing the Profession in the Community Assignment

Representing the Profession in the companionship - Assignment ExampleOne whitethorn visit a doctor but never obtain sufficient time off the busy doctors schedule to get some crucial information. It is here that these nurses come in to save the day by offering information at no charge. These patients tend to want more time in explanation as some of their understanding may reduce and requires a lot of explaining. In this role, they act as t separatelyers who nurse stress-preventive care to encourage patients to charter healthier lifestyles. The real impact in this comes where the life expectancy goes higher (Salkind, 2006). Families will have each other longer in their lives with their loved ones.Nurses have the role of ensuring what the government promised is actualized, health care for all. It is their honourable accountability to make sure that everyone is taken care of where remunerations may available (Delehanty & Ginzler, 2006). Therefore, support of the introduction of a le gislative agenda that would ease this situation would create more jobs. The agenda could probably weigh a certain nurse assigned to several patients above the age of 50. They would probably be located in a certain health readiness and could visit their patients in their homes and only bring them to the health facility only when utterly important. This would assist in quick patient record retrieval given that the care for individual would be privy to all the ailments encountered under their service. The legislative agenda would be required to see through more funding to reduce the involved constraints. This could also eventually be replicated to the entire family. pertinacity in care would be easy to implement.Under the role of improving healthcare in America, the nurse culture not only address the psychological needs but also the physical needs, apparitional needs where necessary are also bestowed on these nurses to offer hope, its a role in its making. They are included in th e larger context which is important

Evaluate the strengths and limitations of Employee Voice Practices for Essay

Evaluate the strengths and limitations of Employee Voice Practices for employees - try on Examplevoice practices utility employees by turning them into equal participants of the major organizational processes, letting them declaim their views and impact firms profitability and, eventually, turning them into essential drivers of organizational growth. However, the most important limitations of employee voice practices should not be disregarded. If not delivered properly, employee voice may lead to serious shifts in status quo which may not benefit employees. Many employees have the fear of such changes and, consequently, try to avoid the use of their legitimate voice in business practices. Therefore, one of the basic tasks faced by managers in organizations is to develop and run employee voice processes in ways that do not inhibit the employees right for self-expression and influence on organizational consummation and, simultaneously, do not turn employee voice practices into a pu nishment for the things employees usually want to say.In ball club to understand how employee voice practices benefit or damage employee positions in companies, the exact meaning of employee voice need to be understood. This is not an easy endeavor since the meanings and implications of employee voice are numerous, and different companies handle employee voice approaches in entirely different ways (Dyne, Ang & Botero 2003). However, across these numerous meanings, employee voice is generally assumed to be a motivation and willingness of employees to express their information, ideas and opinions regarding workplace improvements (Dyne, Ang & Botero 2003). Yet, it should be noted that if the worker does not express any opinions or does not try to impact workplace-related processes, that does not mean that this employee exists in the atmosphere of silence. In many instances, employees who infer from expressing their opinions and thoughts openly simply use their voice in a different m anner.Employee voice practices may be of a different nature and may also promote different forms of

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper - Essay ExampleThe words argument that entrepreneurs should have, the will to conquer the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to separates, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success, just now of success itself exaggerates the true nature of a successful entrepreneur (33). This is because the environment and the goals that an entrepreneur has set charm the level of the will applied and the willingness to fight. Wedgwood plays his role as an entrepreneur through application of the skills of hard work, focus, obsessive, demanding and intellectually curious (7). He had a vision of pioneering innovations that would prove the status of entrepreneurship. Commencing the entrepreneurship skills at 11 shows Wedgwoods electromotive force of becoming a great entrepreneur in future. He overcame m whatever challenges that threatened his quest to lift his entrepreneurship prowess. This implies that the urge to become a successful e ntrepreneur should not be limited by any form of challenges including disabilities. This is because entrepreneurial innovations can never be successful unless they surpass life challenges. Possession of a weakened knee due to small pox he suffered during his early childhood implied that Wedgwood could not looseness a Potters wheel (8). In fact, he had to watch as his knee was amputated without the uphold of anaesthetics after it hampered his ability to apply and harness his entrepreneurial skills. The courage to have even his own consistency organ eliminated due to its negative impact on his life passion implies that he has the ability to overcome any challenges in the enhancement of his entrepreneurial skills. However, this could be unsustainable if the challenges being eliminated are ethical and beneficial to other people. Entrepreneurship is a passion that is not limited by time constraints. Entrepreneurs should apply their skills and expertise at a tender age. Although the a rticle represents the rhetoric of a successful entrepreneur, it is crucial to point out that successful entrepreneurs do not always wait to attain a certain age period for them to venture into byplay i.e. 24 years in Wedgwoods case (7). The fact that he started being a ceramicist at the age of 11 implies that Wedgwood should have commenced his quest for attainment of his life dream at a younger age. Being a successful entrepreneur does not require sufficient flow of financial resources for commencement. The article stipulates that Wedgewoods father allocated meagre financial resources in his will but he managed to conquer all odds and became a successful entrepreneur. However, this does not imply that resources are not necessary for set the perfect foundation for the establishment of a successful career and entrepreneurial skills. Availability of resources enables an entrepreneur to gain the necessary equipment required in enhancing new ideas. It is also imperative for entrepre neurs to collude with other like-minded innovators to enhance their entrepreneurship skills. For instance, the article points out that Wedgwood formed a partnership with Thomas Whieldon, an eminent Potter. This enabled him to gain access to experient potters that provided him with the competent skills in their respective fields. However, one should be careful of the type of people that they partner with because around

Explain Vince Rizzo's search for identity in the movie City Island Essay

Explain Vince Rizzos search for indistinguishability in the movie City Island - Essay ExampleThis paper will shed light upon Vinces search for identity in the movie light will also be thrown upon how he fathered a child in his teenage, who comes back in his life and how things progress from there. Vince is a native of the island, he is uncomfortable with people who come to stay there and bring about unwanted changes, and the opening pic of his voiceover presents the same very comprehensively. Vince is not comfortable with his job, he is a prison guard, and his ambition of becoming an participant is perhaps the most important thing in the movie. He lies to his wife and moves to Manhattan to pursue a life story as an actor. There are a lot of misunderstandings in the movie, Vinces wife thinks that her husband is after(prenominal) some mistress who he has been pursuing for quite some time, Vinces ambition and several misunderstandings strive this movie very intriguing. Vince has se veral problems which he is completely unaware of, his daughter strips at a floorshow in order to pay her school fees he meets his step son who he fathered out of wedlock. Vinces son is addicted to porn on internet and wants to fulfill his fantasies with a girl residing in the neighbourhood these are some of the many problems which Vince was facing. The introduction of Tony, Vinces step-son brings a huge twist in the movie.

Evocative Production about Aging Care Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

resounding Production about Aging Cargon - Article ExampleGaugler et al. observed that the test for civilization in any society is the manner in which it takes care of its frail members. The policy for the aged in Australia safeguards aged(prenominal) people in the society from fearing the young as well as feeling misplaced. If the aged are offered the necessary attention and care, their life is prolonged and opportunistic ailments in of age(predicate) age may be avoided thereby reducing the cost of care as well as the workload of the caregivers.It is important to memorize children and the youthfulness that the maturation was young just like them and that they too are headed for old age. Sometimes the old might be perceived as having little contribution to the societys advancement in terms of wealth creation and social development. Nevertheless, the young need to appreciate the efforts of those who came before them in the nourishment of an enabling environment for them to act. For example, if the aged polluted the environment and caused the depletion of natural resources available at this particular time, the youth could not enjoy living on earth as they do.Naturally, an old person who is ill-treated in the society visualizes it as the young population taking advantage of the weak. Baxter cautioned that the society should not let their aging population regret their own existence. Rather, they should be made to feel loved and useful in biotic community affairs. Furthermore, their experience is critical in molding and instilling good morals to the young. The natural wisdom they birth as a guide of having interacted and worked with diverse people for a long time may see a significant impact on the conduct of future generations. Stigmatization of the aged may result in the loss of a resourceful component of the society since their capacity to actively participate in communal activities.

Comparison of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Essay

Comparison of the Declaration of Independence and the constitution - endeavor ExampleThe typography responds to that requirement. The most app arnt forms of Constitutional response can be found in its architecture. Government offices ar divided into executive, judicial, and legislative branches (Allen 1). The legislative takes the central position it is well elaborated in Article 1 and it bears the most careful description of principles and billets of representation. This fulfills the Declaration concerns in which particular tyrannical oppressions are listed the Declaration lists ten executive power violations, one judicial power violation, and fourteen legislative power violations. The legislative powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, and they serve as a template through and through which the charges made a crystalizest the King may be assessed as mainly one or the other tendency. The Constitution offered protection where the experience written in the Declaration recogniz ed dangers. A similar pattern is shown in the Bill of Rights, which opens with a strong limit, Congress shall make no law (Allen 1). Both documents affirm that the legislative powers go back to the people. Every charge made against King can be transformed into arbitrary assertions of the governments obligations. ... The acquaintance of citizens entails free movement of a person into and out of the nation. The judicial power must be independent of the will of the executive, and they must be given the power to render legal expert to individuals. The citizens are not supposed to be burdened with the (excessive) need to sustain public officers. Public liberty and the military administration are not compatible, and the military ought to be subordinate to and reliant on the civilised power (Allen 1). Second, both the Constitution and the Declaration hold the principle of equality. The most compelling evidence of the Constitutions principles is offered in its architecture. Furthermore , considerable dimensions are contained in the tenor and the language of the document. The Preamble has generally been determine as keynoting the document in its recognition of We the People as the authorizing power of the government established under(a) the Constitution (Allen 1). This responds to the instance made by the Declaration that the public good is the purpose of a expressage constitutional union. Additionally, it further argues that the artificial and political bodies do not create the United States of America. It is the people who calculate a native God-given right have the ability to do so (Allen 1). It is important to note that the authorizing individuals are recognized in the document as fully entitled to serve within the government and to gain from its ministrations. The Constitution has its own terms, which determine an individual eligible to hold office. The individuals are distinguished based on citizenship restrictions and by reasonable age. The document does not admit any religious test, and no gender or race is excluded. In other words,

Ee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ee - adjudicate Exampleabout the formation and positioning of the continents that changed through time through the continuous sliding or colliding of the continental and oceanic crusts onto one another (Van Dyke 3). It is also able to explain the presence of teddy lines and mountain formations.4. What caused the Himalayas? The movement of the Indian subcontinent and its impact to the Asian continent formed the Himalayas, through a abate process of head-on collision or crustal collision (Van Dyke 4).10. Which type of rock is most in all likelihood to contain petroleum? Sedimentary rocks are mostly found near coastal lines due to mineral deposition through time. Thus sedimentary rocks most likely contain petroleum, as exemplified by large oil colour deposits along seacoasts like the Persian Gulf (Van Dyke 12).11. Explain the in essential blood line of oil, which origin do you think is most likely, organic or inorganic? The inorganic theory of the origin of oil states that oil deposits were formed during the creation of the planets or during the formation of the solar system (Van Dyke 14). This theory explains wherefore petroleum from a large deposit are similar even though the rocks where they were found were varied in structure. However, petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons, which come from the decomposition of living things (Van Dyke 13). Thus the organic theory is much more plausible than the inorganic theory of oil formation.12. Which has more permeability, a loge of popcorn or a similar box of gritrock? An object is said to be pervious if its pores are interconnected, and water can flow through it through these pores (Van Dyke 15). Therefore, a box of sand has more permeability than a box of popcorn, mainly because the sand has more interconnecting pores than the popcorn.15. Name and define iii types of traps. Three types of traps are structural traps, formed during folding or faulting of rocks (e.g. anticlinal traps) stratigraphic traps, f ormed by a nonporous formation that sealed

Renewable Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Energy - Research penning ExampleSince the beginning of industrial revolution, the consumption of get-up-and-go in the world has been rapidly increasing. The need for renewable sources of energy has resulted from two factors 1. The pollution resulting from burning of petroleum fuels 2. The inevitable decrease of oil reserves The accustom of renewable sources of energy as opposed to fossil fuels has led to the reduced rate of carbon emission. about of the renewable energy is not produced directly from the source for use but has to use some equipment for it to be useful. There are various types of renewable energy. The type of renewable energy used in either particular country depends on its relative geographical location. Types of renewable energy Hydro author Water is denser than air and and then teeny amount of peeing is capable of producing a good quantity of energy. Energy gained from water is in different forms micro hydro, ocean energy, hydroelectric energy and hydro without using dams. Water has a lot of post in it and contributes the largest percentage of all renewable energy. Its energy is produced using mechanical energy of flowing water. The water is piped through a penstock pipe which turns the generator thus producing electricity. Solar Power Solar energy is among the oldest renewable source of energy. It consists of the energy which comes from the sun inform of solar radiation. Sun energy can be used in three different ways. One of them is the use of solar cells. In solar cells, photovoltaic or photoelectric cells directly transform light into electricity. The second one is solar water hotnessing. Here, heat from sun is used for warming water in glass panels. This glass panels are set at the top of the roof for direct heating by the sun. Therefore, there is no further need of turgidness or electricity for warming the water. The last is the solar furnaces. They make use of the mirror to which captures the sun radiations to small area thus producing high temperatures. The solar furnaces are commonly used for cooking food. Biomass It is the most assorted form of renewable energy. Biomass fuel includes e precisething starting from wood to all trash in landfill. This is currently converted into methane for producing natural dry gas. Biomass fuel is burned in boilers thus heating water which turns a burgeon forth turbine creating electricity. Recent research has shown that animal waste especially manure is being used for by the dairy forms for energy production. Wind power Wind is one of the oldest sources of energy. As source of energy it involves a very simple move. Wind turbines are used to convert wind motion (kinetic energy) to the form of mechanical energy. This is in turn used for electricity generation. According to Maczulak (2009), the energy converted the second time using he generator to electrical energy. The converted energy is again passed through a grid where it is then transferred to power stat ions. The best position to establish the turbines is along the coastal areas, open fields and hill tops. The biggest wind farms that wee-wee ever existed in the world are found in West Texas. Geothermal Power This involves the process of trapping underground heat. Energy that rises almost to the surface in heat form is then built. by and by the heat naturally forms steam, it is thus used for turning a steam turbine hence generating electricity. The decision on the type of energy source used by each country is based on the countries economy, resources and the willingness of the citizens to corporate. For instance, as suggested

Point of view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Point of view - Essay ExampleAs the stewardess pushed the nourishment cart along the narrow center-aisle, the planes rickety engineering made creaking noises and pack one to consider that it would be worth going without nutrient to avoid the challenge that became distributing food among the passengers. When the food reached the passengers it was stale and hardly edible it tasted like it had been stored for months and only recently brought out. Many passengers became sick and made their steering towards the restroom. This created a commotion in the aircraft that left a pervasive feeling of unease and further pain among the passengers. A further cramped feeling occurred as the passengers had to push against the other passengers aside to make their itinerary towards the restroom. This terrible plane ride continued before finally landing in the United farming airport. Wonderful Airplane Ride Across the Atlantic Ocean When the passengers took their seats and reached towards the mag azines in front of them they settled into what would become a wonderful airplane ride across the Atlantic Ocean. While the airplane wasnt as large as traditional airliners it had a number of charming elements that made it more pleasurable than other flight methods. The plane had an intimate setting so that conversations carried throughout the flight.

Macro5B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro5B - look for ExampleAs statistics show, the GDP rose, unemployment fell and incomes rose bringing the preservation back to life. GDP grew from -0.3% in 1980 to 4.1% in 19881 which in return decreased the unemployment rate from 7.1% to 1.6%3 which created a net job accession of approximately 16 million. One of the most ironic statistics is that of inflation this model has a very pollyannaish approach towards the economy as economic growth is associated with large scale inflation, however, statistics show that inflation, from 13.5% in 1980 declined to scarce 4.1% till 1988. Its a startling fact that outlines the success of this economic model. Focusing on the statistics, 1 may draw out the conclusion of the success of Reagonomics, there are critics who argue in every field but past trends supported by authentic statistics answer the question of the efficiency of whatever model, which in this case turned out to be optimistic. A report published in 1996 likewise draws out t he conclusion by stating that the economy of the U.S performed better during the Reagon years4. Answer 2 The whole economy revolves near a few commodities that are essential for day to day operations of a domain integrity of the most vital of these commodities is Oil. OPEC is one of the biggest oil colour companies and each economy is affected by damages set by OPEC (Its like an oligopoly). Increase or decreases in fuel prices by such monopolies tend to shackle or support economic growth such monopolies are directly related to a Countrys economic system. In general, oil is known to be a compliment or a raw material for many other goods in an economy therefore a price interchange of oil may lead to cost push inflation or deflation. In case where OPEC decides to accession the price of oil, this would lead to cost push inflation in the economy the aggregate (total) supply of the economy would shift upwards bringing about price hikes as shown in the diagram In the little(a) ov erhaul, whats happening is the increase in price of oil is pushing the supply down and creating price hikes as the short run aggregate supply curve moves from AS1 to AS2. This effect will trespass populate but not as much in the short run people are more flexible and have fixed schedules and will not alter their fuel consumption just because of an increase in fuel prices in a day even if the increase is steep, in the short run it is expected that people would absorb the impact The demand for oil in the short run would be relatively inelastic and the economy would not suffer to a large extent. However, in the long run, state of affairs may be different as peoples demand for oil may conk out elastic as they want to adapt to changes in an optimistic light. In the long run, the demand for OPEC oil would be relatively elastic and fuel price increases may cause the economy to suffer at large. The direct impact on the economy depends on where the economy is operating at the point and what is the skeleton of their long run aggregate supply curve as there is a difference in opinion for the monetarist and Keynesian model for long run aggregate supply curve. If we follow the Keynesians model the impact to the economy of an increase in oil prices depends largely on where the

Mental Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mental Health advance - Essay Example purpose OF MENTAL HEALTH There has been various concepts and flackes to psychic wellness. According to the plane section of Health, some of the factors that greatly influenced psychical health are family traditions, beliefs, and cultural practices. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health, as a state of being physically, psychologically and brotherlyly fit. Being healthy does not just mingy the absence of sickness or physical incapacity. Mental health is thence a funda affable index number of the overall health and well being of a individual. However, many other sources simply view genial health merely as the absence of disease or illness. This view is supported in the bio aesculapian model of health as mentioned by Seedhouse (2002). On the other hand, Seeker (2005) indicated in his study that to substantiate the best result from caregivers intervention approach, there is a need to focus on the diagnosis and interpretations of a disease in pathological terms. There is a big disparity between one who is diagnosed with mental illness in contrast to another condition where there is no medical diagnosis, in terms of access to medical care and health services. Persons diagnosed of mental illness that desexs access to healthcare and social services developed some sense of emotional security from the support and should cope break dance with the challenge. In contrast, a person who is not diagnosed of being mentally ill may not get the needed support and attention from caregivers resulting to negative feelings of being neglected. A more comprehensive definition of mental health was coined by the Health Education Authority (HEA) in 1997. The agencys definition of mental health put emphasis on the spiritual and emotional ability of the person to endure and notice from painful experiences or sufferings in life. This resilience will enable a mentally healthy person to move on and enjoy life after a suffering s ome form of pain (Squire 2002, Wagnild & Collins 2009). In 2004, the World Health Organization pronounced an insightful definition of mental health giving emphasis to normal aspects of living. It is a state of well-being in which the individual is conscious of his social ties and can cope up with the day to day stresses of life. A mentally healthy person should therefore be able to work productively and to offer something positive to their community. Such productiveness and positive office promotes inner satisfaction and greatly reinforces overall health. Nations all over the globe are looking into mental health promotion with renewed interest. Mental health is essentially the condition that dictates the total well-being and productivity of a person. Intervention through health promotion is far more effective in safeguarding mental health than treatments and medicinal therapies at the on stage of a fully diagnosed mental illness. This latter approach is rather expensive and yet les s effective as presented in the following research and studies. CONCEPT OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION Activities that promote the mental health of individuals has a positive effect in preventing and reducing mental illness (Barry & Jenkins 2007) and in the fast recovery of mentally afflicted individuals (Friedli 2009). In 2001, the section of Health introduced mental health promotion as any action or activity that enhances or supports the mental well-being of a person, family,

Evidence Based Practice in Assisting the Nurses and Other Medical Pers Article

Evidence Based Practice in Assisting the Nurses and Other aesculapian Personnel - Article ExampleThe results from this research article will shed more light to how the proficiency can be improved or what atomic number 18as can be adopted by others who have hitherto to start the put throughation of the technique (Majid, S. et al, 2011).Some of the challenges discussed and which will be discussed further in the next handling as they relate to breast feeding leadership and management include the inability to understand the terms and broadly speaking the technique, the lack of time to try some of the proposed techniques and care, the nurses lack authority to implement some of the change procedures suggested in the evidence-based practice patient care, majority of the nurses have not undergone any special training as to the drop and implementation of the technique as well as lack of resources among others.The article which basically discusses the challenges experienced by nurses to wards the implementation of evidence-based practice is also related to the nursing leadership and management. This is so because some of the challenges are as a result of lack of proper management and also the initiative by the leaders of the nurses to come across they understand the technique and use it. An example of the poor leadership and management is the lack of training of these nurses on the evidence-based practice technique. The training is the work of the management to organize as the benefits of the training will be diaphanous in the hospital and the results will lead to hospital success stories and fame to the management and leadership as well.The nursing leadership and management are supposed to provide time and be at the forefront to implement the necessary changes to implement the technique but little has been done about this. Nursing leaders are supposed to pressure the management of the hospitals to seek the resources needed to implement the evidence-based practic e technique. They should sit down and strategize on how they can assist the nurses to implement the technique as best as possible for the ultimate coating of providing better care and treatment of their patients.

Bretton Woods international monetary system Essay

Bretton Woods international monetary arranging - judge ExampleThis paper outlines the main features of the Bretton Woods international monetary system, that had effectively replaced the gold standard system. The throng at Bretton Woods was held in the year 1944. The delegates present during the conference were from 44 countries. The conference led to the fundament of a new monetary system commonly referred to as the Bretton Woods system. The new system was hypothetic to be more effective in governing the financial and economic relations among the greatest economies in the world. Judging by the economic disasters that were experienced in the 1930s a new monetary system was considered to be a necessity. Due to the failure of the gold standard during the World War II in that respect was a breakdown in international economic cooperation with each and every country devolving their economic policies. This is believed to fuck off further fuelled the growth of the great depression.As a result of the Bretton Woods system each element country was expected to adopt a monetary policy that ensured that the exchange rates of their currency detain at a certain value. In such fixed rates, there was evidently an increase in the ease of undertaking international commercial transactions. In order to see to it that the Bretton Woods system was lucky the delegates decided that they would establish two financial institutions. One of the two institutions was the International Monetary Fund . The other(a) institution that was brought into existence was the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources Essay Example for Free

Understanding Organisations and the billet of Human Resources EssayWelcome to Alan Howards. Thank you for joining our lively and energetic charmforce. Alan Howard is one of the UKs largest nonrecreational Hair and Beauty wholesalers, a speciality retailer and distributor of professional Hair and Beauty supplies and equip handst. Alan Howards was found 22 years ago opening its first store in Stockport followed by the Oldham store and easily expanding and taking over other local wholesalers such(prenominal)(prenominal) as EWD and Salon Services, to now having 22 branches crossways the North West of England. The guild is family run by Howard Littler possessor of the guild and 2 sons Anton and Jonathan directors of the accompany. To shop at Alan Howards you comport to provide evidence to qualify to be a trade customer such as a qualification in hair or beauty or have the beguile evidence to show you ar a argumentation avower or retailer. We offer our services in store , online and as an over the phone order and delivery service. Alan Howards stores provide products and a service, business to business and business to public offering more than 6,000 professional products for hair, skin and nails.Through professional lines such as Wella, LOreal and Schwarzkopf, along with our out(a)side sales consultants generate up to 9,000 sales of exclusive to Alan Howards professional branded products such as Matrix, Joico, Fudge, St Tropez and more targeted for professional and salon use too for salon to retail to customers and for retailers to sell to usual public. Our mission here at Alan Howards is to provide the best products on the market to helpwith whatever women and men atomic number 18 looking for and make them feel beautiful, it is also our goal to be the leading wholesaler in the UK providing the best quality and prices and the best customer service to our shoppers, so they feel confident in shop with us and loyal to our makeup. Our vision state ment is to be the ultimate hair and beauty product provider, fulfilling necessitate and creating desire for our customers now and in the future. Pestle analysis is an analytical tool which considers external factors and helps to think just about their impact. Pestle is understanding the environment you argon operating in by understanding your environment you flowerpot minimise threats this provides the context within which more detailed planning can beat place to take full(a) advantage of the opportunities.Each factor of the pestle analysis influences Alan Howards (see below). P Political E stinting S Sociological T Technological L Legal E Environmental Political implications are change of government which can change vat rates which impacts our buyers and our customers which impact on the products and services we provide. An sparing factor is the recession which has affected Alan Howards product sales with sales dropping, not as umteen new businesses are opening and cur rent salons and retailers closing down, another economical factor is Alan Howard resources stock internationally, just the ever changing exchange rate has a high influence on when and what business is carried out as the pound becomes weaker we are lots restricted. A sociological impact on the business is an ripening workforce with senior maintainment staff due to retire also ageing customers with loyal customers hit retirement age.Technology has impacted the business with competing retailers establishing accounts on social media websites, social media is a keystone atom for free publicity, this is an area to focus on creation able to capture new young audiences. A legal impact which has impacted the company is the product selling catchment which has impacted on the companys expansion another legal impact on the company is the change in the law on the selling and storing of hazardous products such as peroxide and acetone. An environmental impact on the company is the godfors aken disposal policy, that all waste materials and out of date stock and hazardous stock are disposed in the repair way for example all recycled materials are recycled, another environmental impact for the company will be Zero Waste Britain in 2015 the company will be charging 5p per bag. Organisation construction is very important within a company as it helps form a hierarchy and span of control within an organisation. With Alan Howards being a large company that take notes on growing the structure of the company is a hierarchical structure as it has many levels, a hierarchical structure is sometimes called a pyramid structure because at each level downwards there are more employees.The owner and directors are responsible for making the majority of decisions this is good for the company as owner and directors have full visibility of the company at all times. This also means that many people on the pyramid are consulted before it reaches the directors and owner, which leads to a slow reaction to changes. Some of the gos of the organisation are Sales, HR, IT, Payroll, Management, Finance and more. These structural areas all work together to maintain the company hitting their goals. In order to optimise Alan Howards performance the functions of the company work together HR implements company policys such as payroll, maternity, paternity and pensions for example payroll needs to be kept up to date from managers to make correct pay for staff. HR are also important for employing and resourcing the best staff offering the correct schooling to optimise sales and company performance, HR also wear and manage staff performance and targets. The IT department is also an important function within our business all data presentations are stored on our systems also invoices and accounts.As a company we use online banking so its important that our branch managers bank mundane so that our IT department is always up to date and in working order so the company can functi on properly. The final function in our company is the finance department this is who controls all the coin coming in and out of the company including banking, purchasing, chasing account payments, invoicing and also giving buyers up to date budgets. wholly four of these functions are a vital part of the company to achieve its goals all these function work with communication to one another which is done face to face, over the telephone, with the majority being through emails This is often used as its an effective quick way to communicate there is also a document trail of every unconscious process which can be tracked if needed it also makes it easier to keep directors and owners up to date. Organisational purification is the attitude, beliefs and values which benefit the company.Over time, tradition and structure Alan Howards has built up its own positive culture culture as most organisations do. AlanHoward is a mixture of a power culture and role culture, giving a sentience of identity to the company and the people connected to the company, shows a sense of what we stand for and what we do. Product buying decisions are centralised around 4 key members of the company being Howard the owner, Anton or Johnathan the directors or Louise head buyer, but also using the role culture for other areas of the organisation such as customer service with various functions split each individual within the function is assigned a particular roll. A positive culture adds value to the organisation and motivates staff. The strategies adopted by our organisation can be influenced internally and externally.HR is involved in the install planning process and with the formation of the business plan detailing objectives to achieve. HR liaises between directors, management and staff to ensure policies and procedures are applied fairly and interaction between HR department, directors, managers and staff are utilized on a daily basis. The main HR activities which take place within the organisation is training, joke analysis, recruitment and selection, job advertisements, resourcing talent and managing change, setting and communicating clear performance expectations. Three ways in which HR support line manager within Alan Howards is coaching and development, health and safety, managing conflict.Coaching and developmentManagers have a big(p) deal of people management responsibilities in addition to their daily workload. HR often offers management the focusing and skills needed to help develop their team and improve their skills providing them with accurate information and guidance. This provides mangers with increased confidence to manage staff.Health and SafetyAlan Howards has to comply with health and safety law. HR has contributed to the creation of health and safety policies for the company. Managers are responsible for reducing the risk of workplace dangers and guarantee a safe environment for staff and customers. HR provides managers with training on heal th and safety laws also first aid and fire marshal training. We have maintained records of accidents in the workplace and insure that reviews take place promptly after any accident that takes place.Conflict ManagementManagers frequently have to manage disputes at work. Identifying and addressing underlying tension before escalating is key to reduce incidents within the team. We do this by providing clear exceptions on behaviours required of all employees and encourage managers to master appraisals to evaluate performance and job satisfaction. HR develiver coacting in conflict management and employment law HR also act as mediators when conflict develops and can provide staff counselling.

Economic factors affecting food choice Essay Example for Free

Economic factors affecting aliment choice EssayThe aim of this research is to find the economic factors that affect a persons regimen choice for example the amount of available income, family size and spending patterns. This then helps us to take root a suitable dish for our chosen practical. This research helps understand the relationship between quality of pabulum and disposable income and how are fertiliseing patterns have changed from the past.Disposable incomeThe amount of money left after measure and other deductions have been made is called the disposable income. The amount of money spent on food cooked at home has declined even though the disposable income has risen since the 1980s. Disposable income affects the food you eat because you tend to eat out more frequently, spend more money on premium ranges of ready prepared foods and grass at more expensive supermarkets and specialist shops if you have more disposable income. However families with little disposable income tend to spend more on convenience foods and snack foods. It takes careful budgeting and shopping around for cheaper prices to admit healthy meals for low income families.Family size and spending patternsFamily size also affects how much you spend on food because declining family size and an increase in single person household has led to a change in patterns of spending on food as couples and single adult households spend more per person on food. Whereas due to larger families having young children with smaller appetites less is spent per person on food, also because less food is wasted in larger families. Larger families may also barter for in volume or shop around for cheaper prices or offers such as three for the price of two and buy one get one free. There is an increase in single person households because of an ageing people where there are more elderly people than young people in a race and due to more young, single people living alone.

Ethical Considerations and Implications Essay Example for Free

Ethical Considerations and Implications EssayTo digress into the philosophical and ethical discussions of state penalisation is not to alienate the concept of punishment from justification for horrors d mavin but to offer an insight into the precept of equaliser. Ideally, it is not possible to stifle concerns of the legalized infliction of harm and the trampling of inalienable human rights even in the face of incriminating evidence on the part of the offender. Punishment serves to advance the states responsibility of maintaining harmony done legal infliction of considerable harm for the purposes of retribution for wrongs done and the maintenance of law and golf-club in the society. Reflections of punishment argon as old as the very onset of philosophical thinking (Ryberg 2004). The proportionality principle lies at the very core of legislative reforms that determine the structure of the state punishment body (Ryberg 2004). It is the meeting point between philosophical think ing that purport to eliminate the structures of punishment on one side and penologists on the other hand. Because the existence of punishment of distressing acts is not a matter of enquiry in recent days, proportionalism only seeks to determine the extent to which certain crimes may be punishable.It is about numeric distribution of punishments and that is why it elicits ethical tones. Surveys of public opinion have always been harsh on the criminal. When this is match to political pressure on the judicial system to institute harsher penalties, remarkable ethical implications may cram with respect to the application of the law proportionately to the seriousness of crime as well as polity objectives of the legal statute. A crisis of confidence has always marked the ability of the criminal law and criminal arbiter system to built a just and crime free society (Fagan 2008).Several statutes have been enacted to test and achieve this end objective but there still remains a gap in community justice. Supermaximum Prisons Supermaximum prisons or supermax prisons as they are commonly called are ideally jails within prisons. The prison is a classic scenario of an enclosure where individuals are kept as they undergo correction. However this controlled environment does not nix some individuals from engaging in assault or violent acts, incite disturbances, prey on weaker and penetrable inmates, attempt to escape or exhibit any other form of disruptive behavior (Riveland 1999).Since order and safety remain the basic priorities of the correctional facility, such(prenominal) people must be isolated from the oecumenic prison population as they exhibit behavioural characteristics that threaten the order and safety of the prison populace. contrasting correctional facilities have their own form of such closing off. Some call it disciplinary sequestration, punitive segregation or just segregation to differentiate it from the general prison housing. Such a confinement exists in complete isolation.Structurally, it is a single, windowless cell where inmates are made to spend 23 or more hours a day. In such isolation, inmates are solely dependent on staff that patrols the tiers, push mail, toilet account or meals through small spaces in the heavy doors. For the few minutes that prisoners gain the opportunity to be led out, they are often shackled and cuffed under full prison guard. This only happens during showers or a little solitary wander in the yards. The extremity of the confinement defines the prison systems success in isolation (Rhodes 2005).According to the prison officers or the media these are the manifestations of the worst cases of criminal behavior. go it can be sustain that there are cases where such confinement is meant only for prisoners who have been convicted of serious crimes, the reality is that most of these cases train prison misbehavior by individuals under protective custody or those convicted on minor offenses. Statistic ally, linked States prisons may be holding up to 20,000 people in such conditions (Rhodes 2005). at that placefore for minor behavioral discrepancies an individual may receive a gift of a punitive and individualistic form of punishment. There are a number of select factors that are independent of prisoner behavior but which dole out the shift towards segregation units. From political pressure on the judicial system for harsher sentences, economic deprivation of the pocket-size income rural localities, inherent population pressure in prison establishments and staffing issues, the supermax prison phenomenon is rife in the States today and policy backups to address this clearly defined ethical issue is non existent.Rhodes notes that such facilities are rarely put under the limelight in public prison debates and budgetary allocations. When this is coupled to the fact that the facilities are completely out of bounds to the ordinary public arena, salient ethical issues arise that need to be addressed. The pragmatical and philosophical aspect of the supermax phenomenon presents grave complications to the forgotten prisoner languishing in solitary confinement (Rhodes 2005). wellness studies have found out a direct nexus between solitary segregation and the diseased development and progression of psychical illness.Initially, decompensation sets in as a result of psychological damage caused by isolating an individual from fellow inmates (Lovell 2004). The cost-benefit, operating costs, legal and ethical issues of supermaximum facilities raise an uproar in debates. While the continued construction of supermaximum facilities can be attributed to political pressure, the overall constitutionality behind the printing press on such programs still remains unclear (Riveland 1999). Priority on human control has given rise to a host of debilitating mental conditions.Research publications are more focused on the eventuality on recidivist criminal behavior while the damage to the psychological integrity of inmates takes a backbench. When large number of characteristically dissimilar inmates are incarcerated, such diversity has the potential to potentially damage any notable correctional improvements creating a situation where the prisons act only as a maturing ground for worse cases of criminal legal action. Unfortunately, policy makers have not been as astute in presenting solutions to such ethical dilemmas like they perish for the building of segregation units (Riveland 1999).Several research studies on the supermaximum prison facilities have concluded that despite the insistence that such facilities are necessary for meting out harsher sentences, they only serve to increase the prevalence and incidence of mental illnesses and sink budgetary financial allocations with no apparent social or economic benefits (Pizarro et al 2004). sound ambiguities have been the cause of dire ethical implications and complications as regards punishment policy making initiatives. Zero allowance as a concept is not fully defined even though it is representative of an woo to policing.Legal debates have raged as to the true nature of the term. Invariably, it has been linked to a variety of definitions. Being punk on crime is an example of the definition of the term. While being tough implies that something is about crime in general it usually lacks requisite explanation as regards punishment. Curiously though, being tough on crime has been the most commonly accepted denotion of zero tolerance policing and as such legal enforcement has been in the stage setting of being tougher ion crime through harsher penalties.On the other hand, zero tolerance policing implies a strict non-discretionary scene of law enforcement. Such a definition explains a key aspect of law enforcement where police activity is at its highest and the community at large takes a precautionary measure to desist from falling into the hand of the law enforcement offices. Moreove r under such a policy, officers arrest or report offenses with no expulsion to the type of illegal act committed (Marshall 1999).

Classical Conditioning Essay Example for Free

Classical Conditioning EssayIt is a continuous challenge living with post-traumatic mark disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder), and Ive suffered from it for most of my conduct. I can look back now and gently jocularity at all the mass who thought I had the perfect life. I was young, beautiful, and talented, further unbe knownst to them, I was terrorized by an undiagnosed debilitating mental illness. Having been properly diagnosed with PTSD at age 35, I know that there is not one aspect of my life that has gone untouched by this mental illness. My PTSD was triggered by several traumas, most all crucial(predicate)ly a sexual attack at natural languagepoint that left me persuasion I would die.I would neer be the same after that attack. For me there was no safe shopping center in the realness, not rase my home. I went to the police and filed a report. Rape counselors came to see me eyepatch I was in the hospital, but I declined their help, convinced that I didnt need it. This would be the most prejudicious decision of my life. For months after the attack, I couldnt close my eyes without envisioning the face of my attacker. I suffered fearsome flashbacks and nightmares. For four years after the attack I was unable to sleep alone in my house. I obsessively checked windows, doors, and locks.By age 17, Id suffered my returntime panic attack. Soon I became unable to tolerate my apartment for weeks at a time, fetch uping my modeling cable career abruptly. This just became a way of life. Years passed when I had few or no symptoms at all, and I led what I thought was a fairly normal life, just idea I had a panic problem. hence another traumatic event retriggered the PTSD. It was as if the past had evaporated, and I was back in the place of my attack, more(prenominal)(prenominal)over now I had un get windlable thoughts of someone entering my house and harming my daughter. I saw violent images every(prenominal) time I closed my eyes.I conf used all magnate to concentrate or even complete simple tasks. Normally social, I stopped trying to make friends or get touch in my community. I often felt disoriented, forgetting where, or who, I was. I would panic on the state highway and became unable to drive, again ending a career. I felt as if I had completely lost my mind. For a time, I managed to keep it together on the outside, but then I became unable to leave my house again. Around this time I was diagnosed with PTSD. I cannot express to you the enormous relief I felt when I discovered my condition was real and treatable. I felt safe for the first time in 32 years.Taking medication and undergoing behavioral therapy marked the turning point in my regaining control of my life. Im rebuilding a satisfying career as an artist, and I am enjoying my life. The world is new to me and not limited by the restrictive vision of anxiety. It amazes me to think back to what my life was ilk only a year ago, and just how far Ive come. For me there is no cure, no last-place healing. But there are things I can do to ensure that I never pack to suffer as I did sooner being diagnosed with PTSD. Im no longer at the mercy of my disorder, and I would not be here today had I not had the proper diagnosis and treatment.The most important thing to know is that its never too late to seek help. 1 In the early part of the 20th century, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (18491936) was landing fielding the digestive system of dogs when he noticed an evoke behavioral phenomenon The dogs began to salivate when the lab technicians who normally fed them entered the room, even though the dogs had not yet legitimate any food for thought. Pavlov realized that the dogs were salivating because they knew that they were about to be fed the dogs had begun to coadjutor the arrival of the technicians with the food that soon followed their visual aspect in the room.With his team of researchers, Pavlov began studying this process in m ore detail. He conducted a series of experiments in which, over a number of trials, dogs were exposed to a sound immediately before receiving food. He systematically controlled the onset of the sound and the timing of the delivery of the food, and recorded the amount of the dogs salivation. Initially the dogs salivated only when they saw or smelled the food, but after several pairings of the sound and the food, the dogs began to salivate as soon as they heard the sound.The physicals had erudite to associate the sound with the food that followed. Pavlov identified a fundamental associative come acrossedness process called unequivocal condition. Classical instruct refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e. g. , a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e. g. , food) that of course produces a specific behavior. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behavior. As you can see in the following figure, psych ologists use specific terms to identify the stimuli and the responses in absolute learn.The categorical stimulus (US) is something (such(prenominal) as food) that triggers a natural occurring response, and the innate response (UR) is the naturally occurring response (such as salivation) that follows the un well-educated stimulus. The conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a response similar to the response to the unconditioned stimulus. In Pavlovs experiment, the sound of the tone served as the conditioned stimulus that, after learning, produced the conditioned response (CR), which is the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus.Note that the UR and the CR are the same behaviorin this fictional character salivationbut they are given different name because they are produced by different stimuli (the US and the CS, respectively). Classical Conditioning Before conditioning, the u nconditioned stimulus (US) naturally produces the unconditioned response (UR). Top right Before conditioning, the neutral stimulus (the whistle) does not produce the salivation response. tail assembly left The unconditioned stimulus (US), in this case the food, is repeatedly presented immediately after the neutral stimulus. tooshie right After learning, the neutral stimulus (now known as the conditioned stimulus or CS), is sufficient to produce the conditioned responses (CR). From flatcar World Knowledge, Introduction to Psychology, v1. 0, CC-BY-NC-SA. Conditioning is evolutionarily beneficial because it allows organisms to get around expectations that help them give for both good and bad events. Imagine, for instance, that an animal first smells a new food, eats it, and then gets sick. If the animal can learn to associate the smell (CS) with the food (US), then it leave quick learn that the food creates the negative outcome and will not eat it next time. mental faculty 13 /Th e Persistence and liquidation of Conditioning After he had present that learning could occur through association, Pavlov moved on to study the variables that influenced the strength and the persistence of conditioning. In some studies, after the conditioning had taken place, Pavlov presented the sound repeatedly but without presenting the food afterward. As you can see, after the initial acquisition (learning) phase in which the conditioning occurred, when the CS was then presented alone, the behavior rapidly decreasedthe dogs salivated less and less to the sound, and eventually the sound did not extend salivation at all.Extinction is the reduction in responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. Although at the end of the first extermination period the CS was no longer producing salivation, the effects of conditioning had not completely disappeared. Pavlov found that, after a pause, sounding the tone again elici ted salivation, although to a lesser issue than before extinction took place. The increase in responding to the CS following a pause after extinction is known as spontaneous recovery.When Pavlov again presented the CS alone, the behavior again showed extinction. Although the behavior has disappeared, extinction is never complete. If conditioning is again attempted, the animal will learn the new associations much faster than it did the first time. Pavlov excessively experimented with presenting new stimuli that were similar, but not identical to, the original conditioned stimulus. For instance, if the dog had been conditioned to being scratched before the food arrived, the stimulus would be changed to being rubbed rather than scratched.He found that the dogs also salivated upon experiencing the similar stimulus, a process known as abstract entity. Generalization refers to the tendency to respond to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus. The ability to generalize has important evolutionary significance. If we eat some red berries and they make us sick, it would be a good idea to think twice before we eat some purple berries. Although the berries are not exactly the same, they nevertheless are similar and may have the same negative properties.Lewicki 1 conducted research that demonstrated the influence of stimulus generalization and how quickly and easily it can happen. In his experiment, high school students first had a brief interaction with a female experimenter who had short hair and glasses. The study was set up so that the students had to ask the experimenter a question, and (according to random assignment) the experimenter responded either in a negative way or a neutral way toward the students. Then the students were told to go into a second room in which deuce experimenters were present, and to approach either one of them.However, the researchers arranged it so that one of the two experimenters looked a lot uniform the original exper imenter, while the other one did not (she had longer hair and no glasses). The students were significantly more likely to avoid the experimenter who looked like the earlier experimenter when that experimenter had been negative to them than when she had treated them more neutrally. The participants showed stimulus generalization such that the new, similar-looking experimenter created the same negative response in the participants as had the experimenter in the prior session.The flip side of generalization is discriminationthe tendency to respond differently to stimuli that are similar but not identical. Pavlovs dogs quickly learned, for slip, to salivate when they heard the specific tone that had preceded food, but not upon hearing similar tones that had never been associated with food. contrast is also usefulif we do try the purple berries, and if they do not make us sick, we will be able to make the distinction in the future. And we can learn that although the two slew in our cl ass, Courtney and Sarah, may look a lot alike, they are nevertheless different people with different personalities.In some cases, an existing conditioned stimulus can serve as an unconditioned stimulus for a pairing with a new conditioned stimulusa process known as second-order conditioning. In one of Pavlovs studies, for instance, he first conditioned the dogs to salivate to a sound, and then repeatedly diametrical a new CS, a black square, with the sound. Eventually he found that the dogs would salivate at the imagination of the black square alone, even though it had never been directly associated with the food.Secondary conditioners in everyday life include our attractions to things that stand for or remind us of something else, such as when we feel good on a Friday because it has become associated with the paycheck that we receive on that day, which itself is a conditioned stimulus for the pleasures that the paycheck buys us. Module 13 /The Role of record in Classical Conditi oning Scientists associated with the behaviorist school argued that all learning is driven by experience, and that nature plays no role.Classical conditioning, which is based on learning through experience, represents an example of the importance of the environment. But classical conditioning cannot be understood entirely in terms of experience. Nature also plays a part, as our evolutionary history has made us better able to learn some associations than others. Clinical psychologists make use of classical conditioning to explain the learning of a phobic disordera strong and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation. For example, cause a car is a neutral event that would not normally elicit a fear response in most people.But if a person were to experience a panic attack in which he suddenly experienced strong negative emotions while driving, he may learn to associate driving with the panic response. The driving has become the CS that now creates the fear response . Psychologists have also discovered that people do not develop phobias to just anything. Although people may in some cases develop a driving phobia, they are more likely to develop phobias toward objects (such as snakes, spiders, heights, and open spaces) that have been dangerous to people in the past.In modern life, it is rare for humans to be bitten by spiders or snakes, to fall from trees or buildings, or to be attacked by a predator in an open area. Being injured while riding in a car or being cut by a knife are much more likely. But in our evolutionary past, the potential of being bitten by snakes or spiders, falling out of a tree, or being trapped in an open space were important evolutionary concerns, and therefore humans are still evolutionarily prepared to learn these associations over others. 1 2 Another evolutionarily important type of conditioning is conditioning related to food.In his important research on food conditioning, butt Garcia and his colleagues 3 4 attempted to condition rats by presenting either a taste, a sight, or a sound as a neutral stimulus before the rats were given drugs (the US) that made them nauseous. Garcia discovered that taste conditioning was extremely powerfulthe rat learned to avoid the taste associated with illness, even if the illness occurred several hours later. But conditioning the behavioral response of nausea to a sight or a sound was much more difficult.These results contradicted the idea that conditioning occurs entirely as a result of environmental events, such that it would occur every bit for any kind of unconditioned stimulus that followed any kind of conditioned stimulus. Rather, Garcias research showed that genetics mattersorganisms are evolutionarily prepared to learn some associations more easily than others. You can see that the ability to associate smells with illness is an important survival mechanism, allowing the organism to quickly learn to avoid foods that are poisonous.Classical conditioning has also been used to help explain the experience of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as in the case of P. K. Philips described at the beginning of this module. PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a fearful event, such as the threat of death. 5 PTSD occurs when the individual develops a strong association between the situational factors that surrounded the traumatic event (e. g. , military uniforms or the sounds or smells of war) and the US (the fearful trauma itself).As a result of the conditioning, being exposed to, or even thinking about the situation in which the trauma occurred (the CS), becomes sufficient to produce the CR of severe anxiety. 6 Posttraumatic Stress perturbation (PTSD) A Case of Classical Conditioning Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a case of classical conditioning to a severe trauma that does not easily become extinct. In this case the original fear response, experienced during combat, has become conditione d to a loud noise. When the person with PTSD hears a loud noise, he or she experiences a fear response despite being far from the site of the original trauma.From Flat World Knowledge, Introduction to Psychology, v1. 0. Thinkstock. PTSD develops because the emotions experienced during the event have produced neural activity in the amygdala and created strong conditioned learning. In addition to the strong conditioning that people with PTSD experience, they also show slower extinction in classical conditioning tasks. 7 In short, people with PTSD have certain very strong associations with the events surrounding the trauma and are also slow to show extinction to the conditioned stimulus.

Maos domestic policies Essay Example for Free

monoamine oxidases domesticated policies adjudicateEssay Question To what extend do you consider monoamine oxidases domestic policies much successful than his overseas policies?Between the old age 1949 and 1976 chinaware was in a faze of modifys, which varied in good and bad, the way roller coasters deepen in ups and d sustains. monoamine oxidase Zedong was the Chairman during those eld whom sensation could make responsible for numerous successes and failures in main knock down china. His domestic and foreign policies were the causes of millions of conclusions, sparing highs and lows, unhappy shavers and m some(prenominal) to a greater extent factors which harmed and helped China to build up and backwards afterward feudalism had been removed from China. The Five Year broadcast, which was a duplicate of the plan that Russia used to everywherecome the countries misery, took government agency between 1952 and 1956 and was a success for entire China. The hundred Fl owers Campaign, which Mao started in 1957, is known to be whiz of his groovyest failures and resulted in chaos, along with the collectivisation plan in the late 1950s and early sixties and the Great Leap Forward Mao failed to help his country. As he back up the Korean state of war in the 1950s Chinas budget decreased my thousand of millions of Yuan. This foreign policy was a disaster for China and dismantle though several domestic policies were introduced, n whizz of them could re tout ensembley keep China and its masses in population contend.Due to the support China had provided Korea with many a(prenominal) more people died. If Korean had not been support by Chinas budget, then one could argue that not as many people would have been killed the Korean struggle. Maybe the number of deaths could have been reduced to half a million or so, one end only speculate, yet it is clear that this foreign policy did not do any good, but more more harm. It did not only destroy human li ves, it also harassed the Chinese budget and as a result made China very weak.PRC Expenditure in Percentages of Total cipherAs is shown on the table in 1950 the percent of money which was taken away from the budget is 41,5 %. This is well-nigh half of the entire Chinese budget. Most of this money supported the Korean War and helped Korean to symbolize itself. By 1957 this percentile had gone down, but all most every other one went up. For an showcase 51,4 % of the Chinese budget was being used to support the economic development. This is a vast amount of money needed to support the economic development of a country. Even though this foreign policy supported Korean, it was and opposition for the donator, China.The Five Year Plan burn be viewed purely as a success. Mao was impressed with what Lenin had accomplished with it and decided to do the afore nominateed(prenominal). Mao and the PRC, People Republic of China, build up the same Five Year Plan as Russia and succeeded. The Na tional Resources Committee, NRC, had already taken care of several industrial ideas, which Mao had, and they were also the ones who had total control over the industrial investment sections. During the Five Year Plan a significant amount of migration took place. Families moved from the countryside into the large cities to find jobs at factories. sensation major factor that makes the Five Year Plan a success is of the inflation, from which China had been suffering for many years, which Mao achieved to decrease.It dropped from over 1,000 percent to nearly 15 percent and was a result of a raise of taxes and a change of the Chinese currency from the Chinese Dollar to the Yuan. Not only did the PRC want to focus on the production of steel, coal and petrol-chemicals, but also on transportations such as the Chinese automobile. An unconstipatedt, which is a perfective example to demonstrate the successes of the Five Year Plan would be the construction of a road and rail line bridge, whi ch crossed the Yangzi River, which can be seen as a contribution to the modernization of China. By 1952 the PRC had introduced their goals of what they cute to achieve during the Five Year Plan.Their targets were to produce at least 555,000 bicycles by 1957, yet instead they produced more than 1,740,000. Also, they planned on manufacturing 4,000 trucks, but they achieved to produce more than 7,500. However magnificent this all sounds and how proud China must have been, if Russia had not helped China to industrialize, they would have never been able to compare themselves with the Soviet concretion after their Five Year Plan had Worked so well. Meaning, China was not as successful as Russia had been, because China got the Soviet Unions support, whereas Russia made it on their own two feet. However, one should give credit to Mao for the Five Year Plan, because this was one of his only successful domestic policies and it gave China a better economic position in the world.The Hundred F lowers Campaign, which was a domestic policy, introduced in 1956, was probably Maos greatest Failure during has dictatorship. When Mao became the Chairman in 1949 he inflexible freedom of spoken communication policies, since he did not welcome any other political opinions other than those of communism. In 1956, Mao Zedong decided it was time to allow people in China to speak their minds free from fear of persecution by the government. Mao wanted to encourage free speech and healthy arguments. This was introduced with the phrase let a hundred flowers bloom. With this he wanted allow the expression of different ideas. Mao colleagues to stop this policy, due to the fact that Stalin had lost power in Poland and Hungry through this policy. However, he pressured boldly forward.After some time matter got out of hand and Mao replaced it with the anti-rightist operation. Mao move intellectuals, layers and even teacher to the countryside, had them humiliated publicly, or let them be assa ssinated. The Hundred Flowers Campaign was a disaster. Thousands were killed because they had their own opinion and expressed it freely, just the way Mao had provoked. When Mao said It is only by utilize discussion, criticism and reasoning that we can really foster correct ideas, overcome wrong ideas and really even up issues. and then killed the bulk of those who obeyed his new policy, one must ask oneself, what he really intended with this.One could argue that Mao did not create the Hundred Flower Campaign to get feed-back and criticism so that he can improve the countries situation, it is thought that Mao introduced the Campaign to find those who had something to say against him and his ideas in a quicker and more efficient way than before. In conclusion, Mao became more powerful, however, be betrayed his own country. This is how one can see where his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign ones. With his foreign policy mention earlier, he provoked death du e to a war, whereas in his domestic policies he provoked death due to his own ignorance and utter ruthlessness.Once one has made one mistake, it seems as though one has released a chain of reactions. At least this is the case for Mao, because his next mistake was not far from his resist one. The Great Leap Forward, which took place in 1958-1962, was a hardship on the peasants. Even though China had modernized and industrialized there were still many problems to come. Although Mao stood upright for equal treatment of all humans and even though Mao and his family were peasants, he set up a list of strict rules for the peasants to obey. This was a result of the following. Mao realized that not enough food was being produced and brought to the cities, because of the migration that took place in the Five Year Plan. Too much of the population was now working in the factories and the economic planner concluded that this was the fault of the peasants.Since the peasant families were increas ing rapidly each month, too much mite was expiry to the individual families, and thus, Mao decided to put the peasants under strict central control and direction. During the great peasant revolution Mao had given the serfs freedom and the land that once belonged to the landowners now belonged to them. However, the Collectivisation Plan changed everything. flat the peasants were not working for themselves anymore, but for the government, to prevent another shortage of texture in the cities. Chinas agricultural land was split into 70,000 communes, each consisting of 750,000 brigades, each made up of 200 households.The setting of prices, distribution of products, farming methods and the gross revenue were all controlled by the PRC. Since the targets of grain production of the government were so high, there was not much grain left(p) for the people. Hunger and death was well known during that time, and millions had died of starvation. Alone in Tibet 20% of the population had avid to death. The main problem of this crisis was that nobody told Mao slightly these happenings, because they were all afraid to undergo the same destiny as all the others who told him the bad news. However, one man did find the courage after all and chip in his heart to Mao.Mr. Peng Dehuai was the minister of defence, and decided to let Chairman know about the disasters that were going on. He was dismissed and sent to the countryside. By now nearly all of China was afraid to say anything against or even to him. The Collectivisation system pulled China down more than ever. In 1958 200 million tons of grain were being produced, but in 1962 less than 160 million tons were produced. A correspondent thing happened to the meat production. In 19584,3 million tons of meat were being manufactured and by 1968 only 1,9 tons were being produced. Maos plan had once again not worked. Almost thirty million people died in China from his domestic policies, however, his foreign policies did not ca use such harsh consequences for anyone.One must realise at the success of the domestic and foreign policies from three different perspectives. One, the Chinese citizens perspective during Maos dictatorship, two, Maos own viewpoint, and three, the perception of the success of todays people. The Chinese people of that time lived the changes, the success and most of all the failures. Like in many situations, the negative things were paid more attention, due to the harsher memories, which are well in mind. The people suffered, lost family members and were tormented mentally and physically. Even though Mao became like a God for them after the Little passing Book was published in May 1964. It was a book of quotations from Mao and was there to give the Chinese citizens a better view of what he was doing. Mao was feared and therefore obeyed.From Maos point of view, things seemed to be going great because be barely received feedback from his colleagues, because they were too afraid of hi m as well. The fear, which developed through out the years came from the punishment that people had to undergo. The rumours of what was happening did not even have to go around the country the majority of the people saw the humiliations and various other punishments with their own eyes. Anyhow, Mao was partially not informed about the millions of deaths that were occurring, therefore he was probably satisfied with his work, and believed that he was successful. Then, if one looks at the overall damaged he caused with his domestic and foreign policies one can see that his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign policies. If Mao would still be alive today he would possibly realize his mistakes and would think similar to the perspective of today.Mao was a man with visions and ideas, which he thought to be most important. However, he did more harm then did he help people with his domestic and foreign policies. One can even consider his foreign policies more successfu l in some ways, because his support in the Korean War did not kill as many people as his domestic polices resulted in killing. Nevertheless, one mustnt vulgarize everything. One must also look from different perspectives such as Maos for an example.He was often left uninformed about what was really going on in the country therefore he was most likely felt successful. The peasants had a much different point of view due to the more reliable experiences they had to undergo. But by looking at the situation form the modern eyes of today, one can clearly see the successes and failures of Chairman Maos dictatorship. His domestic policies were less successful than his foreign policies due to the numbers of deaths. It seems as though Mao released a chain reaction of mistakes as he did his first one with the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1957, and that there was no way of stopping it.

Earth science Essay Example for Free

Earth science EssaySpeculations of the actual rate of global warming had been contradictory to the least. In fact, there have been arguments that the year 1998 and not 2005 is the warmest year recorded. However, based on the global climate guise models, warming considerably larger in the Western equatorial Pacific than in the East Equatorial Pacific. The authors also suggested that the increased East-West temperature gradient may have also increased the likelihood of El Nino much(prenominal) as those in 1983 and 1998. Global temperature is a gauge use for measuring and summarizing the state of global climate. Although the effect on climate are normally felt locally, its dispersal nonetheless is congruent with that of the climate models. fit to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Analysis, the estimated uncertainty of global mean temperature implies that we can only state that 2005 was probably the warmest year. This finishing was based on satellite measurements of sea s urface temperature since 1982, a ship-based analysis for earlier years and attested procedures for data over land. Also, this analysis has a 95 percent confidence.As mentioned earlier, 2005 is noted for its warmth and this is not due to the contribution of the El Nino phenomenon contrary to the one recorded in 1998 wherein 0. 2 C was lift from the trend line and considered to be the strongest in the century. Hence, global warming is tallied to be at 0. 6 C in the past decades and 0. 8C higher than in the past century. Contrary to what was speculated before, it is now wrong to say that most global warming occurred before the 1940s.This may be attributed to the large fluctuations and yet relax warming over the century until 1975 which was then followed by a rapid warming, noted at 0. C per decade. Hence, global warming is not just a concocted artefact due to the measurements in urban areas and used to scare people into being earth friendly but a real climate change. It is confirm b y surface temperature change inferred from borehole temperature profiles at remote locations, the rate of alpine glaciers around the world and progressively earlier breakup of ice on rivers and lakes. (10). Moreover, the fact that there is indeed a geographical distribution of warming gives proof that there is a real climate change.The largest warming recorded occurred not in urban areas but in remote regions including high latitudes. Furthermore, warming has also been documented in maritime areas, which are considerably far from the direct effects of humans. On the other hand, calculations made through the rootage global climate model, presented in the congressional testimony in 1988 was allegedly 300 percent wrong. However, gain analysis indicated that the first transient climate simulations proved to be quite accurate and certainly not wrong by 300 percent.

Principles of Management - Microsoft Essay Example for Free

Principles of Management Microsoft testifyPlanning involves specify goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities Organizing involves arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organizations goals Leading involves working with and through people to accomplish organizational goals Controlling involves monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. Background of c all tolder-upMicrosoft Corporation, incorporated in 1981, is engaged in developing, licensing and supporting a range of computer software products and services. The Company in addition designs and sells hardware, and delivers online advertising to the customers. The Company operates in eight segments Windows amp Windows Live component part (Windows Division), Server and Tools Business, Online Services Division (OSD), Microsoft Business Solutions, Microsoft Office Division, Microsoft Phone Division, Skype and Interactive Enterta inment Business.The Companys products include in operation(p) systems for individual(prenominal) computers, servers, phones, and other intelligent devices, server applications for distributed computing environments, productivity applications, business solution applications, desktop and server way tools, software development tools, video games, and online advertising. Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest software company in the world it is a cultural phenomenon.Microsoft is led by Bill Gates, the worlds wealthiest individual and most famous businessman, Microsoft has succeeded in placing at least(prenominal) one of its products on virtually every face-to-face computer in the world, setting industry standards and defining markets in the process. Problem Statement Even the giant software company could be at riskiness of losing its dominance. Its faces a challenges in search, web browsing, mobile devices, web server software and even the desktop operating system market.S tudy Objective Microsoft will come out many new(a) products in sound out to beat their competitors. According to Jon Brodkin, Microsofts Online Services Division powered by Bing and MSN is the only one that systematically loses money, including $2. 6 billion lost oer the past 2 years. Second is the web browser. Once upon a time, Microsofts Internet Explorer commanded greater than 90% market share, dominating the browser market as overmuch as Windows dominates PCs today.The Microsoft monopoly earned itself antitrust penalties by beating Netscape into submission, but it wasnt until the rise of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome that the monopoly would be broken. The unlikeness between numbers of users and amount of usage suggests that the webs heaviest users are the ones who replace the default Internet Explorer with Firefox and Chrome. For all its success as the worlds biggest maker of PC operating systems and office programs, Microsofts bit as the dominant provider of software to consumers is at risk.While Windows still powers the vast majority of desktops and laptops, the number of mobile devices and increasing reliance on the Internet have shown consumers and businesses alike that much of what we call personal computing can be done without touching a single Microsoft product. Microsoft is still a giant, with $70 billion (? 43 billion) in annual revenue and an amazing 11 products that earn at least $1 billion a year. First of all, the first challenge is in search engine. Bing loses money over the past 2 years.Microsoft cares about search because of advertising revenue, and also because Google has become synonymous with the Internet in almost the same way Microsoft became synonymous with personal computers. Moreover, Microsofts Internet Explorer used to be a popular browser before Firefox and Chrome were launched to the market. According to the journal above, the issue of Microsoft Corporation facing is some of their software is not competitive decorou s to confront their competitors. Microsoft might improve or upgrade their software such as Bing and Internet Explorer regularly, always give consumers a fresh or new interface.In addition, they might make their software more function than others so that they are strong enough to beat their competitors. So as to improve the software, Microsoft has to make original their employees skills are up to date. Microsoft should create a spirituality and organizational culture. Workplace spirituality recognizes that people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community. Benefits of spirituality are to improved employee productivity, increased creativity, stronger organizational performance and increased team performance.Furthermore, Microsoft might provide a proper training to their employees to make sure they can come out a new product for the company. DISCUSSION Employees are an organizations greatest resource, and creativi ty is theirs. Creativity is the life force, the energy that leads to profitability. In globally competitive organizations, creativity occurs in every department at every level. Every employees uniqueness is recognized and celebrated. The goal of their leaders is obstetrical delivery out the best in employees. They know that organizations are only as rich as the quality of their employees ideas.

What Is Religion Essay Example for Free

What Is Religion studyReligion is a hard concept to comprehend. It is showing us a different side to formulation at our tone. Instead of having hard facts that can be physic every(prenominal)y proven, religion shows us to take a leap of faith and deliberate the impossible. In The Nature of Existence Charles Messer introduces Religion is simply a ashes of actions meant to give you access to God and Heaven. (eternal Life). In my faith I am taught that we be created by a higher being God. That He is omnipotent and he loves all human beings, even if we do non believe in him and follow him.That he sent his only son, to die on the cross for all of us. Other religions may say the opposite that thither is more than one god and that Jesus was not the messiah. Edward and people with similar beliefs say, Religions ar man-made world-views that help those in charge to control the masses. They are entirely and utterly useless., but the only problem with this statement is that man to a fault created science. Man has a proneness for power and because religious leaders have so much power over so many an(prenominal) people, others assume that religion is being used to gain power . (Your Thesis is not clearly visible, you are thinking with emotion instead of stating clear facts with passion)In todays world in that location are too many religions to count. There are as many religions as there are believers since separately person has a different understanding of what their religion is. as Nancy M has put it. Nancy brings up a great point by saying this. passel might think they have the same views on religion but no one really does. That is one of the points of this documentary to show different views on what they believe in. Free will gives us the power to pack our own paths, whether it is in speech or in religion. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy says, Free will is to say that the agent has the capacity to choose his or her course of action. We have th e choice to believe in God or not to believe in God. That is the beauty of free will, that our decisions are our own.The biggest confrontation in religion is which religion is right? People who have a strong faith in what they believe in, and will say that their religion is the true(a) religion. I am one who believes that my religion is the correct. But like Nancy says I have created my own religion. I discovered my own belief system, by challenging other religions and figuring out what others have to say about their own beliefs.Brother Jed Smock is one who challenges our faith, by going to college campuses and spreading his beliefs onto others. What he dialog about at the colleges, causes the students to question and challenge Brother Jeds beliefs. While asking these questions, the students have to also look at their own beliefs and may question them as well. To truly grasp our religion we collect to ask questions and find causes. One of the best ways to do this is to challenge others and to break down the answer they have provided. It strengthens us and takes our beliefs to a whole new level.Believing in well-nighthing is a way of life. Everyone has some kind of belief system. We can believe that there is a God or believe that there is no God. This is the same as an opinion we all have opinions on everything no matter what. If no one had an opinion then there would not be discussions or arguments.(Without this progress could not be made) Whether or not we belive in a religion or science or even both, there is a reason why we do. It is a way to explain things we cannot explain (it is a way to balance our minds from fear of the unknown and to explain away the unexplainable). For example, where we go after we die or if something miraculous (Or tragic) happens in our life. We cannot explain these events, and therefore we look for answers (in a higher power, whether that power is religion or science) because as humanness we do not like Uncertainty.(many pe ople of faith turn to determinism, when something unexplainable happens, whether that something, is good or bad. match to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Causal determinism is, roughly speaking, the idea that every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature. only when saying that everything happens for a reason.It is a way to avoid the confrontation, of questioning a belief system by putting life solely in the hands of a higher power. It is mainly used as a way to explain away tragedy and an attempt to console us in a time of grief. When something unexplainable happens, people (do not ) like to question why, they would rather move on with their life and accept what they believe to be inevitable. In my opinion I believe that I will baffle my own early and it is always changing and nothing is set until it happens. Nothing can determine our future except ourselves.