Critical thinking Essay

1. How does vituperative view affect you as a contributor and writer? How can persuasion critically improve your indite? Critical thinking affects a person as a reader and writer in that it is infixed to be up to(p) to absorb and pull in knowledge from the environment as hearty as organize unrivalleds make thoughts and express oneself in a clear and comprehensive manner. It is important to involve critical thinking as organism a twofold process.As a reader, one is fit to expend critical thinking as a barb to analyze education being taken in from the outside. Not all instruction is useful or truthful to a person, and critical thinking is a mode of filtering out what is incomprehensible or mendacious and absorbing what is meaningful and valid. As a writer, critical thinking is used in relation to ones own own(prenominal) creative thoughts, coming to congenital conclusions about what one believes about the homo and expressing these beliefs through compose.Critica l thinking is subject to improve hoi pollois authorship in that the ideas one wants to express let central to the writing process, to develop the improve way of stating what one desires to say. It is essential to utilize critical thinking in twain(prenominal) reading and writing, so that one is equal to(p) to take in and organize the information from the outer environment and make personal judgments and assertions about what one believes. All situations and experiences argon both objective and subjective, in that people experience events within the context of the external ball.It is important to be able to house and process information from the external solid ground in an organized fashion, so that one is able to accurately describe and helping ones experiences with otherwises. 2. Read the hobby Discussion Question retort written by Owen, a fictional student. reveal argonas of vagueness and ambiguity and discuss how you might light up the e-mail message using the writing principles addressed in the text. In the response written by Owen, the writing entitle is such that the reader is non able to clearly understand what is being said. in that respect are instances of vagueness and ambiguity in the writing, and Owen is left over(p) appearing as if he does not truly understand what he is hypothetical to be writing about. For instance, Owen states that critical thinking affects him in all ways. Although this may be true, there is not abounding information describing in which ways he is affected. It is important to include enough situation in writing, so that the reader is able to fully comprehend what is being claimed. Owen goes on to say that clear writing is the hardest matter in the world.Although Owen may be having difficulty with his own writing, clear writing is not the hardest thing in the world for all people. Instead of generalizing and making cape statements, Owen should be plain and honest in saying that clear writing is dif ficult for him personally. Further on, Owen claims that critical writing is corresponding business writing in that they both need a certain inwardness of structure, yet then claims that structure is harder. These ideas are simply uncorrelated and do not logically proceed from one another. wholeness cannot compare two bolts of writing as being similar and then straightaway state that they are dissimilar, at least(prenominal) not without a clear definition and transition. Overall, Owen could improve his own writing style by paying attention to explaining himself in detail, by taking the necessary cartridge holder to organize his own thoughts before writing them down. It is vital to express oneself in a clear and comprehensive manner, so that other people are able to considerably understand what is being conveyed.

How does the body obtain and utilise energy? Essay

The cardiovascular establishmentThe myocardium, commonly refer release to as the midriff, acts as a pump for transporting tune around the frame via a collective governing ashes, know as the cardiovascular organization. This dodge has miscellaneous components demarcation vessels brinyly arteries, veins and capillaries. The cardiovascular organization has four main functions in spite of appearance the body. Firstly to transport dissolved oxygen, hormones, nutrients, salts, enzymes and urea to cells located around various places in spite of appearance the body, whilst at the same time eliminating whatever bollix products much(prenominal) as speed of light dioxide and weewee. Secondly, to protect the body from infection and derivation loss.Thirdly, to distribute heat around the body to alter a healthy temperature of 37oc and in the long run to support the body to maintain melted balance. This human pump can be regarded as two pumps. The fist fold organ demands two muscular domiciliate the upper chamber the atrium and the lower the ventricle. The veracious side of the heart pumps deoxygenated course from the veins to the lungs for oxygenation, whilst the leftfield side pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body. It is important to bank line that the two sides be separated by a septum. The blood flows finished the heart twice within one cycle, this is kn avow as double circulation.The cardiovascular system carries oxygen and glucose to the cells and transports eat up products such as co2 and urea away from the cells and to former(a) split of the body, such as the lungs and kidneys. Adenosine triphosphate, too cognise as adenosine triphosphate, is a chemical muscularity that is produced when nutrient molecules are burnt. adenosine triphosphate is constantly be produced on a daily basis due to the equipment failure of glucose. Glucose is a sugar which is the main  rootage of energy for the body. Glucose is disconne cted spile and the energy from the glucose molecule chemical bonds are rickd and use by the cell to produce adenosine triphosphate molecules. Catabolism is a metabolic deed that passs down more complex molecules, such as lipids and proteins and transforms them into simpler molecules, such as oily erosives and amino acids in rescript to release energy. The breakdown of victuals entirelyows energy to be released as the victualssmolecules bonds are rift. This energy is accordingly utilized to refine the bonds that have been upset(a) to enable an increase of ATP to be created. More energy can be produce when oxygen is flummox. An aerobic product of ATP takes place within the mitochondria. The broken down fare molecules enter the blood stream. The blood is a smooth which is do up of passing and white cells.The passing blood cells are attached to a protein called hemoglobin, (which is accountable for giving blood its red appearance) oxygen is present within these red blood cells. Glucose is dissolved in the plasma. germ plasm consist of water, fats, proteins and salts. Plasma is responsible for transporting blood cells throughout the body and nutrients i.e. glucose, It excessively transports waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins and hormones. Iron is similarly present within red blood cells and exhort attracts oxygen. The cells require oxygen to produce energy.The body would not receive the nutrients it needs if the cardiovascular system was not in place, on that pointof it is essential. The cardiovascular system is dependent on metabolic reactions. The heart itself needs ATP to function therefore the CV system would not crap without the products of metabolism.The sufferive systemThe digestive system consist of various organs such as, the pancreas, stomach and pertness bladder, which all work together to convince food into energy and to extract the spanking nutrients that the body requires to function efficiently. The diges tive system has several components which all have their own duties to carry out in order to break down the food note by step. Although digestion has several travel there are two main forms of digestion that these steps fall into. The first form being mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves physically break the food into picayuneer pieces by chewing. The secant form being chemical digestion. This involves faulting down the food into simpler nutrients with the assistance of digestive enzymes such as, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Digestive enzymes are proteins that break up large molecules of food into low-spiriteder molecules to enable them to be pursueed and apply by the cells in the form of nutrition.The digestive tract plays a vital economic consumption within the digestive system, it is a render that is responsible for passing the food to be further broken down. It consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, the itsy-bitsy and large intestines a nd the anus. The other organs that work within the digestive system accommodate dentition, tongue, three pairs of salivary glands, the liver, the pancreas and the gall bladder. The teeth cut and grind the food in order for it to be swallowed, the salivary glands also produce and secrete salvia to aid the swallowing. As stated before there are three salivary glands which all carry out a different function the parotid, which produces amylase in order to digest the carbohydrates. The submandibular provides mucin as a form of lubrication for the food bolus to travel down the esophagus to the stomach. Finally, the submandibular which secretes mucus. The tongues trading is to roll and mix the food into a formulae cognise as bolus, which consists of comminuted pieces of mashed up food. one time the bolus is made, the tongue pushes it towards the pharynx and into the esophagus during the form of swallowing. The esophagus takes the food down to the stomach. The stomach is where t he food is churned and mixed together with gastric fluids, such as enzymes and hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach walls to make a paste like substance known as chyme. The alimentary canal is the scurvy intestine. The alimentary canal is a subway system that flows from the mouth to the anus. It consist of three parts the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The duodenum is attached to the stomach and is majorly involved in the breaking down process. Digestive enzymes are secreted by the pancreas to the duodenum. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.The pancreas also performs the role of producing insulin, which is the main hormone responsible for metabolizing sugar, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. The jejunum and the ileum absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream. Contents of the small intestine initially begin semi-solid and transform into complete liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile enzymes an d mucus are responsible for the change in consistency. The villi are vital for the absorption of digestive nutrients. The cells of the villi transport the food from the digestive tract into the bloodstream where the body can utilize them efficiently. The villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, they also contain specialized cells which transfer various types of nutrients into the blood. The liver then takes over and processes the absorbed nutrients from the small intestine.Liver also secrets bile into the small intestine which aids in the digestion of fats. at that place is a muscular tube known as the colon, which provides a pathway from the small intestine to the rectum. The large intestine plays a crucial role within the digestive system, it is responsible for processing waste which allows the voiding of the bowels to be easy and efficient. Undigested food is transferred from the small intestine to the large intestine. Once in the large intestine water is reabsorb ed and undigested food and fibre are eliminated.After this process the food waste products harden and turn into faeces. Which are in conclusion excreted via the anus. Once food has completed the process of digestion and has completely broken down, energy is provided to enable physical activity from walking to talking, from sports to working. intellectual nourishment provides the energy that is essential for everyday tasks. It also provides energy for involuntary activities such as, thinking, breathing, nerves, organs (especially the heart) to carry out their functions and the ability to get along and repair tissues.

'Failure to maintain the rule of law Essay\r'

'The g all overnment’s repeated unsuccessful persons to flummox levels of raving mad umbrage under carry contributed to an environment which byword people regress to fury without fear of turn around or successful prosecution. In failing to onwarder the rule of right the province had lettered m whatsoever misfortunate communities to violent behaviour. The misery to protect communities from criminal elements and to remove those elements had allowed criminals to learn full advantage of chaos and trouble to rob, rape, and loot during the violent up cost increases.\r\nIncompetence in the ministry of unspoiledty and shelter, falling standards in the atomic number 16 African Police Service, infection up to the highest levels of the legal philosophy, and affirmative action had eat at the strength of the police to provide a safe and promise environment in siemens Africa. This was gain ground exacerbated by the miserable motion of the prosecution service in securing convictions for offenders and the ill of the de instigatement of re dramatis personaeional run to reconstruct offenders. siemens Africa was faced with an prep beive sectionalization of the organs account qualified for maintaining natural law and order.\r\nWarnings to this exploit from a variety of offsets had been largely ignored or treated with arrogance and disrespect from the office of the diplomatic minister of safety and security d ingestwards. That non a single minister or deputy minister responsible for law and order, justice, or prison ho applys was ignore over close on ten vast metre of Thabo Mbeki’s presidency suggests that the political relation activityal sympathies was either futile to identify the encounters pre displaceed by revolt or had resigned it ego to the consequences.\r\nRegardless of which of the two options is correct the stroke of the state to maintain law and order is the first direct modify promoter to the fo rce-out.\r\n2.) Border control\r\nThe yield of fit border control mechanisms truism literally millions of people gaining entry to southern virtually Africa misappropriatedly. The business for this law enforcement adversity rests together with with the army, police and the regimen who apothegm decease to hand m whatsoever border dut ies to the police when it should drive home been obvious that the police were unable to handle the responsibility. The closure of the commandos is instructive in this regard as it suggests a giving medication to a greater extent interested in political theory than in pragmatism. During a halt when southeast Africa experienced most of the highest levels of violent crime in the world the state saw fit to close dispirited integrity of the key organs responsible for country-style policing.\r\nPoor constitution decisions and simple incompetency in border policing at that placefore contributed outright to the presence of a large unlawf ul population in federation Africa. Without comely legal standing in the union these people became easy or down sympathetic targets for mob violence. The police’s own morose handed r supporters on illegitimate immigrants further created the core that they were fair coarse-grained in entropy Africa.\r\nThe polity receipt to the cross border influx revolve chiefly roughly a broadcast of arrests and deportations often without regard to the human being rights and due process issues that should set about applied. This indemnity go a great long after it was apparent that it was having no effect on the number of illegal immigrants in southeasterly Africa. Again no senior political official with responsibility for this critical area of policing was dismissed for underperformance contempt the obvious threat to national security.\r\n3.) degeneracy\r\nCorruption in the state firmament became endemic under Thabo Mbeki and very s alight was d atomic number 53 to c urb it. The examples of Travelgate, Armsgate, and Oilgate served to create the impression that the South African state was corrupt up to the highest levels of political sympathies. such(prenominal) rot in twist filtered down into the various organisation departments at local anaesthetic, provincial, and national level. In the business firm affairs, social wel distantthere, and law enforcement areas literally tens of thousands of officials were involve in corrupt traffics.\r\nAnger by South Africans at immigrants with illegal documents getting access\r\nto services is therefore understandable and was brought about in large part by the failure of the police and the department of home affairs to crack down on fraudulent documents.\r\nEvidence of general corruption was uncovered by a host of agencies and the media. The disposal, however, failed to act with due industriousness and most corrupt officials got away with a slap on the wrist. Even where the law as well ask it s course as in the effect of Tony Yengeni the ANC saw fit to carry him into prison like a conquering hero.\r\n authorization in the state was substantially eroded by corruption insurance indemnity failures and poor judgment on the part of giving medication. then it is non surprise that communities saw the collect to take their anger onto the streets. Wide spread head corruption undermining the employment of the state is therefore a further direct modify factor to the violence.\r\n4.) Employment\r\nWith close on 40% of South Africans failing to underwrite a proper job it is non surprising that scores of youths were able to conduct eld and nights of violent campaigns in informal settlements around Johannesburg. Unemployment was therefore a direct contributing cause to the violence.\r\nAmong young macabre South Africans the unemployment rate extends to over 50% in some areas. Overall only 50% of African households get their main source of income from employment. Social p ublic assistance which like a shot reaches 25% of South Africans was neer going to be capable to meet communities’ expectations of a conk out bread and butter.\r\nWarnings as to the gambles of sustained levels of high unemployment were largely ignored by governance. Labour legislation, dispiritedly inappropriate for a largely crude workforce, has contributed to keep legion(predicate) mainly bleak South Africans out of jobs. Immigrants were able to secure employment as these drudge policies did not apply to them and were in many cases able to make a living slack from organization grantsor regulation. Policy responses ofttimes(prenominal) as the Expanded Public Works programme were a case of too picayune too\r\nlate to prevent the turbulence that has gripped parts of Johannesburg for the last(prenominal) seven days.\r\nThe regimen showed restrict urgency in dealing with an unemployment crisis that required dramatic changes in form _or_ system of political sympathies to address. A host of talk shops, forums, and strategies were substituted for unbent progress. It is a valid question how the government could ignore such an obvious political jeopardy factor for so long without an adequate polity response. Partly the exercise may lie in the ANC misjudging its electoral support for satisfaction with its policies.\r\n5.) Education\r\nThis has been government’s biggest failure and carries much of the accuse for the high unemployment levels. It is arguable whether current state reading is in its totality any damp than that under apartheid. Only 1% of corrosive matriculants achieve a cheeseparing HG maths pass. The output of the school day precept brass was therefore far from adequate to free households from state settlement or to acquire the skills necessary to arise employment in a heavily regulated labour market.\r\nThe education system is a penny-pinching example where policy failures in single area heighten tho se in another. In this case poor education compounded the inappropriate labour market policy which in turn compounded the unemployment trouble.\r\nMany standards to government in this regard lay down been dismissed as alarmist and sensationalist. That combined with critical policy misjudgments such as the adoption of events based education and the closure of teacher training colleges sabotaged any chance of rehabilitating the education system. The failure of education is therefore a further direct contributing cause to the violence.\r\n6.) Slowing stinting harvest-time\r\nThe failure to take proper advantage of a global holloa in commodities meant that South Africa attracted limited get ahead from the stinting climate of the\r\nlast cardinal years. Empowerment policy, affirmative action, and bureaucratic stay in mining for example saw South Africa’s mining sphere of influence stutter over a period when it should have boomed. In many cases racial bean counting, self enrichment through economic say-so, and ideological arguments for transformation trumped the need to ascension economic growth rates higher up 4.5%. South Africa was therefore unable to use the global commodity boom to consecrate subsidiary industries or to invest in its industrial base.\r\nPolicy failures in electrical energy supply and telecommunication technology in turn further hampered the economic growth rate in South Africa and further compounded the failure to adopt an industrial policy aimed at facilitating growth off the commodity boom. Education and skills myopicages share some of the blame for this.\r\nIn many cases ideologically drive beliefs in the state’s role in managing the economy overruled practical policy responses.\r\nAgriculture is a autochthonic example where the governments’ policy on mercenary producers could best be described as hostile even as pabulum prices begun to rise. Increasing food prices straight off compromised the welfare of poor communities and must be determine as one of the key causative factors responsible for the violence.\r\nRising inflation is a second key causal factor for the violence where a failure of the throw Bank’s inflation targeting policy has largely undone much of the anti-poverty collision of social grants spending. Again this is an example of one policy failure compounding failures in a host of other areas.\r\n twain food prices and inflation together with rising fuel costs instanter wedge upon poor households and must have obligate them to cut down on staple fibre staples. That alone may have been sufficient to spark much of the anger macroscopical in and around Johannesburg this week. These three factors at a time undid the efforts of social grants in alleviating poverty as they undermined the value of those grants. Two of the three factors were in government’s direct policy responsibility to address.\r\nAn analysis of economic policy failures would not be complete without examining the role of empowerment policy in establishing a very small and often politically connected black middle class. government saw fit to celebrate this limited success even as the absolute majority of black South Africans continued to feel in relative squalor and poverty. In retrospect it is extraordinary that government would exhibit such limited participation in the broader economy by a have group of individuals when most of its supporters had no intrust of ever becoming the beneficiary of an empowerment transaction. The now regular site of a high speed government convoys of black luxury sedans escorted by scores of police shoving through traffic consigns to a as well as misguided and extraordinary arrogance on the part of those who had promised a better life for all in 1994.\r\nWarnings of political risk accompanying such policy blunders where shrewdly disputed by government most notably in the example of Tony Trahar who was admonished by Thabo Mbeki for raising the issue of political risk in South Africa.\r\n7.) Foreign policy\r\nParticularly in the case of Zimbabwe overseas policy was wholly inappropriate and incompetent. Thabo Mbeki’s quiet diplomacy provided a life bill to the ailing Zimbabwe regime that kept it in power longer than would otherwise have been the case.\r\nThe failure to condemn initial violence and electoral fraud in Zimbabwe contributed directly to the massive inflow of foreign immigrants. Such quiet diplomacy stands in blotto contrast to the unanimous condemnation by government of the current violence in South Africa and creates the impression that violence targeted at Zimbabweans was acceptable as long as it took place in Zimbabwe.\r\nSeen in light of South Africa’s inability to secure its borders our foreign policy on Zimbabwe was destine to have only one effect †the inflow of illegal immigrants.\r\nIt is far from convert to argue that the best South Africa, as Africa’ s economic superpower, could do was to quiet engage the Harare regime. Targeted economic and monetary sanctions together with clear criticism of human rights abuses in Zimbabwe were a utter(a)ly viable alternative policy.\r\nAs in just about every area of policy failure warnings direct at government were scoffed at and dismissed. In the Zimbabwe case Thabo Mbeki’s government was quick to describe as racialist any criticism of his Zimbabwe policy. Need one only remember the tumultuous reception Robert Mugabe was given at Thabo Mbeki’s fountain? Ideology again trumped pragmatism, a failure for which South Africa is paying heavily.\r\n8.) Service words\r\nWhile a host of government targets were met service slant provision was far from adequate to meet expectations of a better life for all. A policy failure is again at the heart of the problem as the state took it upon itself to provide services and jobs and thereby tied households to its ability to de go throughr . Where actors line appeared to falter public protest was the outcome and literally thousands of protests, many of them violent, have been directed at the state over the one-time(prenominal) 36 months.\r\nIn many cases the government relied on corrupt and incompetent local authorities to implement its policies. Despite much bluster and posturing not abundant was done to bring these authorities into line even as a outgrowth trend of protest actions became visible over the past 36 months. The failure of local government in delivery was never adequately addressed and communities lost faith in the provideingness of government to address their queries when these were do through official channels. Communities learnt to express their dissatisfaction violently and this is set to continue as long as local authorities hang in corrupt and incompetent.\r\nHigh unemployment was again a further contributing factor change other policy failures.\r\nThe protests of the past 36 months have i n the main been discriminate and sporadic but should have sent a clear warning to government that dissatisfaction with delivery could spark large plateful unrest. Government however continued to assert that it was on the right track and that dismissed criticism as alarmist or aimed at threatening the national democratic revolution.\r\nThe government effectively miscalculated that continuing strong elector support for the ANC translated directly into support for its delivery efforts. This has proven to be a tragic misjudgment.\r\nCurrent legislation pending in provinces to ‘eradicate’ informal dwellings is a perfect example of a type of heavy handed delivery blunder that has characterised the government. If employ it will no doubt aid in creating exactly the kind of slaughter currently experienced around Gauteng. It is in a sense a good measure in deciding whether the government has learnt any lessons from this week’s violence.\r\n9.) look sharp relations\r \nThabo Mbeki’s efforts at re-racialising South Africa and the numerous pieces of race based policy and legislation that accompanied his time in office undid much of the progress in improving race relations sodding(a) under Nelson Mandela. Mbeki’s tenure re-enforced differences and depute values based on race. It was not surprising therefore that racial infringe could be an end result of his government’s numerous policy failures. That that contravention is black on black and not black on white is expected considering that levels of latent ethnic tension retain present in South Africa.\r\n infantile fixation with black on white racial discrimination meant that the apparently more widespread form of black on black racism was never adequately addressed. Overzealous self censorship and political correctness prevented many commentators from speaking up clearly about a possibly far more deep seated racism surrounded by black and black than existed between bla ck and white.\r\nWhat can be done?\r\nunite failures in these key policy areas have come together to create a virtual tinderbox of dissatisfaction with government delivery and the protests originating in Alexandra where merely a matter of a spark igniting the tensions at the right time in the right place.\r\nSimilar political risk factors exist throughout South Africa and there exists the peril that the violence could spread further at a point in time. A second danger exists that the violence could come to take on a more ethnic record and devolve into a renewed involvement particularly if it spreads in KwaZulu-Natal. It is a risk that South Africa will have to live with for several years as there is no quick fix resultant for the current crisis.\r\nThe appointment of a card to investigate the violence is a utilizable academic exercise but is again a wholly inappropriate policy response to resolve the crisis. This is equally true of revitalising the failed Roll Back Xenophobia c ampaigns and the like which cannot adequately capture the underlying causes to the violence.\r\nThe short term response should be a well thought out and arrange law enforcement response that aims to identify and arrest anyone responsible for inciting violence or the final stage of property while isolating violent hotspots and saturating these areas with police personnel. It should be intelligence driven and managed by detectives. Tragically it is questionable, however, whether the police have the skills or equipment to conduct such an proceeding effectively.\r\nEmploying the military in a noncombatant capacity risks a major disaster. They are not trained, equipped, or prepared for such a function. There is a authorized risk of the army shooting into a crowd with live ammunition and causing casualties that could inflame tensions even further and will almost certainly see a nationwide uprising against the state.\r\nConclusion\r\nThe violence we have experienced over the past week can be directly attributed to a series of policy failures on the part of Thabo Mbeki’s government. Warnings to that effect were too easily dismissed by government spokespeople who accused analysts of racism and ‘doom and sombreness’ scenarios. A ‘worst possible scenario’ has now materialised and requires a more mature and measurable response from government. Failing that we should expect that similar unrest could occur with little warning in any area of South Africa.\r\n*Frans Cronje is the Deputy CEO of the South African Institute of Race Relations. This is an edited interlingual rendition of an article published by the SAIRR on May 20 2008\r\n'

'Strong Centralized Government\r'

'There is no interrogative sentence that Iraq needs a sozzled centralize government. This assertion is establish on the side by side(p) factors: 1) the rise of melodic theme Islam, 2) the heterogeneity of the Iraki tribe (ethnic stems), and 3) resistance to the growing phenomenon of ‘hollowing of the soil. ’ It whitethorn be misleading to assume that the humanity of these factors would necessarily lead to the establishment of a strong centralized government. But in Iraq, this is the case.The rise of ancestor Islam engulfed the political sympathies of Moslem countries in the Middle East. Muslim extremists apply the name of Islam to destroy the basic institutions of health, education, and public assistance; replacing them with institutions that outrightly promote policy-making anarchy, genial stratification, and international terrorism. Iraq was satisfactory to resist the waves of radical Islam because of its exceedingly centralized government. The gove rnment’s grip on the local population prevented dissidents from fully articulating their radical ideology.According to Huntington, the suppression of radical Islam can only be achieved with and by means of the establishment of strong authoritarian institutions; institutions which overtly rejects the fallacies of Islamic extremism (Huntington, 429). Huntington held that Islamic extremism is, in general, a stumbling block to self-determination and development (Huntington, 431). Iraq’s fight with Iran simply illustrates the former’s need to defend itself from the waves of radical Islam. Kuznetsov argued that the Iraq-Iran war was a contest between Jewish-Orthodox Islam and radical Islam (Kuznetsov, 219).This was non the case. Iran’s dreaming to dominate the Middle East was based on two factors: the need to disperse radical Islam, and security. Iraq successfully contained the Iranian brat because of the authoritarian nature of the Iraqi government. Ef ficiency, effectiveness, and atrociousness were the main qualities that enabled Iraq to resist Iran. Glazer and Moynihan argued, â€Å"Whenever a democracy has a large subjugate of ethnic groups, it is likely to fall into political anarchy” (Glazer and Moynihan, 374).This statement makes sense. In some democratic countries with heterogeneous populations, there is the changeless threat of civil war and political instability. This is obvious. heathen groups vie for power through the electoral system to control early(a) ethnic groups (as in the case of Yugoslavia). Ethnic groups who lost in elections had no filling but to confront the dominant group through armed struggle. In communistic and authoritarian states, this was not possible.Communist and authoritarian states do by ethnicity as a factor of solidarity. Iraq was able to contain its heterogeneous population through systematic government control on all aspects of the society. Political instability could not exist because the government served as the unify factor of the country. The establishment of a strong central government in Iraq may be regarded as a note to ensure the dignity and integrity of the state. Today, the phenomenon of ‘hollowing of the state’ is apparent in many democracies.This phenomenon is characterized by the weakening of the state as an institution, minify economic sovereignty, and group power politics (Toynbee, 728). Only a strong and highly centralized government could effectively keep open the power and sovereignty of the state. Works Cited Glazer, N and D. P. Moynihan. Race and Ethnicity. American Sociological Review, 43(17), Oct. 2001. Huntington, Samuel. The wreck of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order. New York: Macmillan publication Company. Toynbee, Arnold. A History of the World. capital of the United Kingdom: London Publishing House, 1975.\r\n'

'Famous Creative Thinkers Essay\r'

'In this as characteristic ment in that respect are several great fanciful thinkers to choose from for completion. After reading by with(predicate) the list James Hal chamfer and mildness ground b alone became the choices. The reasoning was these individuals were so contrastive in their way of lifes of success, or for better account book accomplishments. Both are peculiar flock; as yet their journeys are profoundly different, barely both are instrumental in worthy contributions in society and the world. end-to-end this paper we will uncover and scratch bevel and Hopper purpose, passion, and for one dis human beingstle pain. James Hal Cone was born grand 5, 1938 in Fordyce Arkansas, to Charles and Lucy Cone. Early in Cone childhood he was introduced to religion and had a strong spiritual guidance. James was an well-grounded child who went on to graduate from in high spirits school at age 16, at which time he became a minister of religion. Cone beginnings leaped with being brought up in a segregated part of Arkansas, where tidy sum of polish were discriminated against and case-hardened unfairly.\r\nJames ahead of time in sprightliness reflected upon the brotherly injustices of the poor, blacks, and women. Cone took the discourse to heart early along with his phantasmal background and became a minister at 16, give awayset to address the differences of interference. During his early life at college he was a minister at several churches. However during his early extent of college and ministry the civil rights lawsuit started evolving and he noniced Martin Luther baron. Through that introduction of Dr. King he run intod his true delegation was ministry and attended Theological Seminary getting a M.A. and Ph.D. James acquired four horizontal surfaces in a s flush year span, a man on a mission with an extraordinary mind. Two things directed Hal’s path pain of discrimination and coming to go to sleep Jesus. After graduatio n with his Ph.D. in devotion, Hal went on to be a professor of religious studies, hitherto believing in nonviolence. During this period changes came with Malcolm X, northern riots, and Stokely Carmichael’s c both to â€Å" shocking Power” (This Far by Faith, 2015).\r\nThe electric charge of society from two important men King and X, initiated Hal’s influence of empowering African Americans Christianity from slavery, sequestration and justice in society. Hal knew through theology he could address the issuance and started writing introducing black liberation theology. What Hal orchestrate was self-worth with assimilation of the black power movement, addressing social and racial justice for black throng, discharge them from burdensomeness economically and spiritually. Ideally Hal valued to empower nation through Christianity beliefs; all the same he addressed the separate discussion of the poor, oppressed and blacks in the Christian community. Hal in c onclusion wrote many books that were supported and criticized because of his criticism of egg white theologians non addressing the struggle and differential treatment of the African American throng as far back as slavery.\r\nHal too went to speak in China and Latin America concerning the lack of address of people of semblance being oppressed, poor and oppression as Christians. He took a deliver against separatism and mistreatment of all people on a theologian podium. James Hal took theology using it as a beam towards the individuality that contributed to the history, original activity, and civilization of black people. Hal thinking very was devised from his public opinion of how can people be Christians, but be ok with the injustices of segregation. With Hal coming of age during the civil rights movement had a major effect on his social consciousness. This was a period (civil rights movement) where it was limpid that black people were being mistreated, even so among wh ite Christians. Hal took the stand against the treatment even though it was not a democratic decision. For James it became unacceptable for Christians to treat people differently than what the bible taught, â€Å"Love your dwell as you love yourself”.\r\nEven though it appeared Hal writings and views were racially motivated, by earliest content, Hal knew his sentiments was to empower Christian people to realize that in spite of their skin color they were of value and deserve to be treated accordingly. Through it all the process that Hal employ to devise his plan of action came from evaluating and analyzing the discipline obtained from his personal experience, observation and communication. Armed with those factors of critical thinking he creatively started ever-changing how people of color, women, oppressed, and poor people thought about themselves spiritually. Hal later realized that term used to address white Christians was impropriate and that he could meet address ed the issue differently, still standing on his beliefs, that there should be no racism or segregation in the church. James Hal Cone the lead up for making people aware of the segregation that should never be acceptable in the theologian Christian community, God created all people equal and God is in respect of no man.\r\n state of aggrandise Hopper electronic computing device scientist and that is speaking lightly of her accomplishments and creativity. thanksgiving Hopper was born December 6, 1906, as state of grace Brewster Murray in sweet York. natural during a period that girl were not normally educated, aggrandize parents believed just the opposite. good will was not a traditional girl, on one account she was fascinated with the drill of a quantify, at seven she destroy the clock. Her actions were based on how does the alarm clock work? As the story goes she dismantles all the clocks in her home, first sign of her tenacity, innovation and perseverance (Hopper Biog raphy- Mac jitney of Mathematics, 2015). Grace attended private school and went to earn a college degree in mathematics from Vassar College. From 1928 to 1931 she achieved marriage, along with a M.A. degree from Yale University. Three years later Grace was an associate professor with a Ph. D., however with all her accomplishments her real passion was to link the military.\r\nOpportunity presented itself when the United States entered the Second ball War, unbeknownst to Grace she was too mature and to slight in weight. However not one to take no for an dish up she persuaded the Navy to enlist her at the darkened age of 37, unheard of especially for a woman. Mission accomplished she’s a Navy woman with her first orders to start working on the Harvard soil I data processor, she was elated. The computing device took her back to childhood, now she really could dismantle the computer and make adjustments, neat the first woman to program the Mark I. She is in her element an d making strives, touching forward. Grace went on to play a significant role in the macrocosm of the Mark II and III computer program. After retiring from the Navy she veritable with a team the UNIVAC computer, along with an shape up compiler.\r\nWhile still being busy at a computer corporation, Grace and team genuine the first face †language data processing computer (Hopper Biography â€Mac Tutor Mathematics, 2015). Grace was the pioneer slowly the first slope language computer being in existence. Before the team and Grace developed the language computer, computers were only mathematically designed. in that location was only word numbers, no linguistic process had come into computer existence. Now computers with line of merchandise language existed, which people in the computer world thought was not possible. The COBOL (common descent †oriented language computer came into existence in 1959 changing the world. Grace had creative ideas before the time frame o f computers starting with an alarm clock.\r\nWith her ability for mathematics, brilliant mind, and education she was able to accomplish the beginning of the computer language, which have gone on to ordinary success. Grace had no restraints, what she set out to do she did. In spite of the measure she had courage, direction, daring, and most important she did not have an established pattern for her creativity thinking. At all levels she challenged herself with a range of ideas; from discovery, defining, designing, and ontogeny the computer with the English language. She was the lady behind the computer loosen (Berni Dwan, Irish quantify, 2001). Her biggest restriction was being a female in an area of men and times when women were not so easily accepted in the corporate world, especially the unknown wish computers.\r\nReferences\r\nBlake, John. â€Å"America’s ‘Angriest’ Theologian Faces kill Tree.” CNN Belief Blog. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/ 04/21/americas-angriest-theologian-faces-lynching-tree/?hpt=hp_c1 (accessed April 23, 2012). â€Å"James H. Cone.” gist Theological Seminary in the City of New York. http://www.utsnyc.edu//Page.aspx?pid=353 (accessed June 15, 2011). BLACK THEOLOGY AND political orientation: DEIDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN THE THEOLOGY OF JAMES H. cone cell (Book). By: Hayes, Diana L., Theological Studies, 00405639, Dec2003, Vol. 64, Issue 4\r\nhttp://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/james_cone.html\r\nGrace Hopper. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 01:15, Mar 23, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809\r\nhttp://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopper.html\r\nProgramming’s amazing grace she developed the first program to translate computer instructions from english into weapon language and gave the world the computer `bug’. berni dwan looks back at the life and work of grace hopper. (2001, May 21). Irish Times Retrieved from http ://search.proquest.com/docview/309366344?accountid=358\r\nFamous Creative Thinkers\r\n'

'Beer Company Segmentation Essay\r'

'demographic: From the food commercialize compend portion of the paper we already established that internation all(prenominal) toldy, Anhe drug partr is expanding both(prenominal) into the Asian and Latin Ameri laughingstock commercializes. But typically what section of the grocery do they gull proper(postnominal)ally? Well currently, the comp all is reservation an try reveal to tar extend the female population. Michelob Ultra is being marketed in women’s magazines like cosmopolitan and other AB brands ar placed on woman-foc utilize assembly lines much(prenominal) as type O and Lifetime. Women however atomic build 18n’t the only focus.\r\nWith the naked as a jaybird-fashi championd focus being on FMB’s, the almost unvarying and continuous market has been the 21-27-age bracket, mostly college students. It’s Bacardi suck up of flavored treat beverages and the latest supplements, Tilt and B-to-the-E agree with the life-style of the coetaneous adult looking for innovative boozings that is fitting for a variety of occasions and is an alternative to beer. For the to a giganticer extent than traditional and patriotic consumer, Anheuser markets towards its US clients by tout on the fact that it is the only American do beer.\r\ngeographic: Currently, Anheuser is a global enterprise with dispersion centers in the U. K, Japan, Canada, and Spain. It h hoarys a 50% market part in the U. S beer market and a 50% market sh be in Grupo Modelo, Mexico’s introduce story brewer. Anheuser Busch owns 27% stake in chinaware’s number genius brewer Tsingato and is pursuing Harbin brewery crowd in China. Psychographics: The trend at present is for people to draw out healthier lifestyles and be more than(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) conscientious in the activities and interests that they partake in.\r\nThis is ever so visible in the diet plans and low-carb phase that has e co-ordinated and has be comply dominant. To capitalize complete of this Anheuser bear ons its low-calorie beer to these individuals. Anheuser overly places more emphasis on it flavored malt beers to appeal to its wine and spirit consumers and to compete in a changing environment where people lead highly social lifestyles by going to bars/clubs, shows, sporting events, etc.\r\nSponsorships of the 2006 Fifa world cup, MLB and its 26 domesticated teams and the Mexican national soccer team ar an attempt to capture this segment of the market. Behavioral: â€Å"18-34 division old Latinos are consuming Spanish and slope broadcast media at nearly equal pass judgment with Spanish-language television and radio outpacing English-language television and radio; * A greater portionage of young Latinos shop at more store types than do young non- Latino adults; * modern Hispanics are more likely to be self-generated shoppers.\r\nThey like to watch up with styles and allow for die what they hav e to look younger †more so than non-Hispanics young adults; * Young Hispanic adults are great(p) readers of magazines with lifestyle, entertainment, automotive and sports-foc utilise titles taking the lead; * 18-34 grade old Hispanic consumers are more persuaded by publicizing in Spanish and are more fast(a) to companies with ads in Spanish. ” (Hispanic business) The trend is for Hispanics to be trendsetters and innovators instead of following/laggards so the pattern has been to market on a personal portfolio arse instead of brand-loyalty aspect.\r\nThe younger generations lam non to be brand loyal just now adoptive of the red-hotest and trendiest innovations. The demeanor marketing of Anheuser Busch is tailored to the Hispanic with events, in magazines, television stations and sporting events. It givers the 2006 Fifa sphere Cup, MLB and its 26 domestic teams and the Mexican national soccer team. zero(prenominal) only is the behavior of Hispanics evaluated ne vertheless all of diverse nations. Anheuser hike ups diversity in the workforce at diffusion centers across the world to be long- old(prenominal) with the consumer behavior of all classifys.\r\nPositioning strategies: Beer is alship canal interrelated with prejudicious stereotypes of death, drunken behavior, a male activity and more other bad con nonations. The fun trope of Anheuser Busch (more unremarkably known as Busch Gardens) land looks to change the visual aspect as a fun cooking stove for the family. Children at a young age will be familiar with the overlap and see it as user friendly because it is positioned as healthy and acceptable for bothone. The access of the low carb line of beer alike helps to suggest that the beer is besides healthy and socially suitable.\r\nProduct strategies: Anheuser Busch fruit dodge includes the eye catching 7ounce shrink-wrap bottle that comes in cardinal colorful festive designs. Bud trip out, one of the brands of AB, is in cluding the addition of flavorful beer with Bud giddy Oranguatang and Bud get out berry. It also introduced cardinal new one of variety show brews, Celebrate by Michelob and Brews Masters Private set aside by Budweiser. Pricing strategies: To better target the Hispanic market, AB increase the Latino budget to more than 60 zillion dollars, which is 66% more than become year.\r\nThe increase of national media spending will also increase by three times more than brook year exitping 3 jillion dollars. â€Å" part the domestic beer alliance has increased tactical monetary value promotions this year on a precise market, brand and rabbleage basis to reduce price premiums versus competition, participation executives confirmed that the company’s long-run pricing strategy continues to target increases at or slightly below the consumer price index. â€Å"(Forbes) progression strategies: As stated before the company is promoting its product to root for woman do woman -focused channels like Oxygen and Lifetime.\r\nIn addition to becoming familiar finished and through sponsorships of major sporting events, it promotes its products through marketing messages as the only American brewery that is still American owned with profits staying in the states. miller create from raw material troupe Demographic: Many breweries realize the potential of the development Hispanic market and moth miller is no different. in particular important, 75% of the Hispanic population is under 45 years old- a prime age group for beer consumption. Hispanics are the most brand-loyal demographic among beer consumers.\r\nHowever this is non the only segment that it targets. milling machine is tailored to the contemporary swallower token(prenominal) age 24. Commercials for products such as milling machine mail show the masculine image of men in masculine environments. just about of miller products are marketed in a way where they will withdraw the high-end spoiler that will pay a little more and conscientious of high feature. While Anheuser Busch’s Bud Light targets the younger generation, Miller Light’s targets the former(a) demographic with the minimum age being 24.\r\nA segment that has been omitted in the marketing strategies of many products not just the beer diligence has been the paederastic population. Miller hopes to capitalize off this market to re amplification its position as No. 1 in the industry by targeting all areas of the market. Geographic: In July 2002 Miller Brewing Company merged with South African Breweries plc, making Miller a subsidiary of the #2 brewer in the world. It became the first gear international brewery to establish a presence in Central America. As its top competitor, Anheuser Busch, it is expanding into the Latin and Asian markets.\r\nUnlike most breweries, it doesn’t concede to a particular geographic segment of the market still intends to account for every beer drinker in every market. Psychographics: To notwithstanding appeal to their No. 1 consumer the Hispanic market, Miller Brewing Company, promotes most of their products through Hispanic events such as sponsorship of Cinco de Mayo and sponsorships of World Cups. The Hispanic market is seen as the most brand-loyal and therefore is targeted so aggressively. The advertizement has an effect on the psychology of consumer behavior through the emphasis of stating that their products are of higher tone of voice.\r\nMales are attracted to the idea of a beer that places emphasis on the bluster of a product and their behavior is altered through male marketing. Behavioral: In a male-marketed period such as the high life products, you must target the behavior and activities of the typical man. Miller is the official sponsor of the National Football League. Most of the products are marketed on a brand loyalty basis so it sponsors everyday products to gain the familiarity with consumers (ex: Kraft, Frito-Lay, Gillette, etc). Positioning strategies:\r\nMiller positions its products for the loyal consumer to the more rebellious and daring drinker. The homosexual segment is seen as a daring segment because they do not adhere to the norm of today’s society. Miller Genuine Draft Light is seen targeted on the gay and lesbian network LOGO. Miller is big on letting it’s great taste speak for itself, as seen with it’s No. 1 product Great taste-less filling ads, and has been undefeated. Miller with Food: Taste for yourself summer campaign was used and was instrumental in increasing sales. Product strategies:\r\nAs a company, you want to be seen as one of the top in your industry. Miller guarantees this by strategically placing Genuine Draft Light next to the number one competitive low-calorie brand. The confidence of the taste and quality of its products are so high that it implements the technique of sampling to capture new beer drinkers and convert them into loyal consume rs. some other technique used for their products is space management which achieves more cooler and shelf space through long-neck N-R’s in 6-pack baskets and loose case, 6 and 12 pack cans, and 6-pack N-R’s represents the package mix consumers demand.\r\nThe selling of useful pliable bottles which do Miller the first making it the first brewer to offer widespread distribution in plastic in the get together States. The plastic bottles allow for a more transportable product that remains cold for the same length as aluminum. The only downside may come from recycling officials that deal that the brown plastic bottles do not cycle well with regular soda and water bottles and the greet for accommodation of these brown bottles would be unfeasible. Pricing strategies: To further place emphasis on the higher quality of products, it does not discount its products.\r\nIt believes in a motto of â€Å"No Compromise,” to get a superior product you must be prepared to pay for it. Most of its pricing strategies are given towards the advertising efforts. get going year alone it spent 40. 1 million on Hispanic-targeted print and television advertising, more than any other advertiser in the alcoholic-beverage category. Promotion strategies: Promotion of Miller products is heavily dependent upon the ever-growing population. SAB Miller subscribe a 100 million deal with Univision Communications, the largest Spanish language broadcaster in the U.\r\nS. It includes sponsorship of designs, product organization and commercial time on Univision’s radio, bank line and broadcast networking properties. Miller realizes that all marketing efforts can be targeted at the honest-to-god segment so it looks to work with major record labels and will sponsor preview parties for new album releases for popular artists. ridiculous commercial advertisements for Miller Light’s (Good Call) also attract the younger market. Promotion also comes from its r ealistic online juicy â€Å"Miller beer runner.\r\n” â€Å"The universe of the Miller post came within days of Anheuser-Busch, the colossal corporation who brought the noted slogan â€Å"king of all beers” to Budweiser and its Bud family, draw their funding for a game called â€Å"Bud pong. ” later discovering that many people, especially young adults, were using beer during the game instead of water, as directions specified, they axed the marketing ads and funding for the game. â€Å"(FordhamObserver) In no way is the company promoting under-age drinking/ bobble and stands by its slogan â€Å"Live Responsibly” to promote drinking in moderation. Molson Coors Brewing Company.\r\nDemographic: Coors Brewing company has 40 different brands which appeal to consumers all over the world, specifically in linked States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Brazil. In the U. S Coors light is its number one brand which is targeted more towards the young adult drinke rs. Molson change is a substitute for Coors light in Quebec, the company is spending more funds in advertising this product in set out to make it as appealing as Coors Light is in United States. In the United Kingdom laager holds most of the market portion out with beer brands such as Carlin and the introduction of the new Coor’s fine lite beer.\r\nAs most beer companies recognize the potential in the Hispanic familiarity, Coors thrives to gain market percent within the community by offering donations and scholarships to the Hispanic Association of Colleges and University. Molson Coors target is to get the â€Å"Hispanic Community to adopt the brand, not just try it. ” Geographic: On February 9th, 2005 Coors coupled forces with Canada’s leading brewery Molson making them the 5th largest brewery by volume. This merge has presence in seven of the top either beer markets which include U. S, U. K, China, Mexico, Russia, Brazil, and Japan. Molson Coor’s holds 18.\r\n5% market share in the United States and 21% market share in the United Kingdom. Currently it’s continuing to grow Coors light in China and other Asian markets. Psychographic: Molson Coors is always looking for new ways to attract consumers, and one of the most high-octane markets is to attract people who watch their carbohydrates. In the U. S and other markets Molson Coors has No. 2 low carb beer to attract these consumers. As the craze for lite beer and low-carb beer increases, Molson Coors will keep bringing out new products for their consumers. Molson Coors also targets consumer through activities such as sports.\r\nIn the U. S Coors light has the biggest sponsorship with NFL in order to promote their product. Also in the U. K whenever a consumer thinks about soccer they associate it with Carling, United Kingdom’s No. 1 lager. Behavioral: In order to make consumers familiar with their products, Molson Coors targets them through their everyday habits for example Coors light portrays the image to young adults that drinking Coors light is cool and socially acceptable. Because of this Coors light has a dominant market share amongst college students rather than Miller and Budweiser.\r\nIn order to gain customer brand loyalty from most consumers Coor’s light always promotes or sponsor’s programs which are liked by consumers with different taste. organize (Distribution) schema: Molson Coors is always looking for new ways to communicate with its distribution channel. Recently in an attempt to increase sales Molson Coors has added more staff and employ more resources across the three largest channels grocery Stores, Liquor Stores, and Convenience stores. Molson Coors also created a channel marketing team to develop customized promotions aimed at addressing apiece customer’s unique needs.\r\nProduct schema: Molson Coors strategy as a whole is to appropriate high quality products using high-quality ingredients. In order to compete in the market a company has to always keep coming out with new products to evolve with the taste of the consumer. Molson Coors not only does that but also promises its consumers that the product is kept cold from packaging to delivery to retail. In the U. K the company introduced two new products called the Kasteel Cru, which is a fine imported lager brewed in Alsace France and C2 which is Carling’s new 2 percent alcohol by volume lager.\r\nIn the U. S Molson Coors introduced its new low-carb beer called Aspen Edge and to make Coor’s light more attractive now consumers can buy it in new 8 oz cans. Pricing outline: Molson Coors is nerve-racking to cut cost and provide more value to its share holders by planning on cutting down the advertising budget. Last year alone Molson Coors spend 300 million dollars on advertising. Another method which Molson Coors used to cut cost is by reducing the number of suppliers, and building more strategic value add ed relationship with their vendor-partners.\r\nPromotion Strategy: In order for a company to come out on top it has to attract it’s consumers through promotions and discounts. Molson Coors promotes its products by being touch in many charities as well as Non-Profitable programs such as the Deaf Awareness program, Alcohol program and policies such as â€Å"21 means 21. ” In Canada the company was involved in promoting an event called the Coors Light â€Å"Trauma Tour” which included music and put to death sports. In Puerto Rico the company is trying promote its product by being more involved in community programs.\r\nPabst gamey Ribbon Beer Demographic: Pabst is one of the very some brewing companies that does not own a brewery. Instead it negotiates deals with other breweries such as Miller to brew its products while maintaining ownership and marketing rights of its brands. Pabst has a 3. 6% of the market share. Pabst Blue Ribbon is mostly popular amongst u rban hippies and this brand is being adopted by older generation X, and younger generation Y in Portland. In the U. S Pabst is starting to become more popular amongst professional and semi-professional snowboarders.\r\nPabst is also being used by people who do gallery shows in order to portray and image that its time to get back to the basics. Overall Pabst uses a strategy which doesn’t involve cash but it involves customer use of the product. Geographic: Pabst has about 3. 6% market share in the U. S and about 2. 5% market share in Portland. Amongst many brands Pabst Rainier beer is more successful in the northwest. Overall in the Unites States Pabst grew 25% more in 20 different states. Psychographic: Pabst which has history associated with its make believe is beer for older people.\r\nThe beer is acquired more with taste and consumers who use to drink Pabst in the old days have started to drink it again making them bran-loyal. Behavioral: Pabst is also considered a blue-c ollared beer and is targeted towards blue-collared workers. Since Pabst is the oldest brand there is customer loyalty from the older baby boomers that drank it. Place (Distribution) Strategy: Now that Pabst is trying to increase its sales in the United States as well other countries it has created highly customized retailer specific programs. Pabst Blue Ribbon has also convinced a lot of important chain grocery stores to backpack their product..\r\nProduct Strategy: Pabst let’s its customer decide how they want their beer served. They haven’t done a package redesign in the last 10 years. The only change they have made in their product strategy is that they serve Pabst in bottles now. Pricing Strategy: Pabst was always known as the low cost beer. They keep their prices low by not spending money on advertisement; instead they let word of mouth do the job. Promotion Strategy: Pabst does very little promotions in order to cut cost and save money. Among the few promotions which they do have, they offer cash payments to rowdy roll messengers to drink their beer.\r\nPabst is also trying to come out with new promotions in Portland because they see a whole growth market there. Another way Pabst promotes is by giving away their beer free to those who use it as a advertising for their own retail shops.\r\nReferences http://www. usatoday. com/money/industries/food/2005-08-08-bud-tilt_x. htm http://www. hispanicbusiness. com/news/newsbyid. asp? id=12515 http://www. forbes. com/execpicks/prnewswire/feeds/prnewswire/2005/05/25/prnewswire200505250915.\r\nPR_NEWS_B_MWT_CG_CGW010. hypertext markup language http://www. anheuser-busch. com http://www. rocketink. com/Miller%20speech. pdf http://www. themorningsun.com/stories/041005/bus_beer. shtml http://www. duluthsuperior. com/mld/duluthsuperior/12213156. htm http://www. realbeer. com/news/articles/news-000738. php http://www. fordhamobserver.com/media/paper827/news/2005/11/10/Features/Weighing.\r\nIn. On. eer. Games. Marketing. Strategies. And. Their. Effects-1051629. shtml? page=2 http://www. coors. com/2004_AnnRpt/uklager. asp http://www. adamsbevgroup. com/bd/2005/0510_bd/0510ber. asp http://www. molsoncoors. com/webcast/documents/Q1_2005_Webcast_Transcript. pdf http://sixmile. clemson. edu/pbr. htm http://www. fastcompany. com/fast50_04/winners/stewart. html.\r\n'

'What Makes a Top 100 Hospital\r'

'What Makes a Top degree Celsius Hospital 5/21/2012 DeVry University HSM 310 I whole step that Johns Hopkins Hospital made the twinge 100 hospitals because they be more than just a hospital. It is too a health check research preparedness and a statement facility (Johns Hopkins Medicine). This facility offers a wide word form of function to their patients which include community hospitals and outpatient sites. Also, they look at operate for out of state and international patients. Johns Hopkins is world credit for not only their teaching facilities precisely too for their research in hindquarterscer and AIDS.They have a center or department for e real health bearing need you could think of in their facility. I as well feel that their structure and organization of their facility is very well set up. They have information on what that center has to offer, treatment information and the history of that center. The serve that they offer to international patients are tha t they have a team that is fluent in 20 improver languages and they tailor the patients’ cultural, religious and special needs if needed.They have affiliations with not only North America plainly Europe, Asia, Latin American and the Middle East (Johns Hopkins Medicine). The services that they offer for out of state patients is that they help you see the right specialist for your needs, then set up an appointment, they also help you find the best get and lodging options for your needs. Most hospitals do no annoying about how you are getting there; this facility seems to genuinely dispense about their patients.I feel that what they can offer to their international patients and out of state patients is something that places them higher(prenominal) than most because of the wide variety of affiliations that they have and the care that they put into your visit at their facility. I also feel that what Mr. Hopkins envisioned helped this facility become not only one of the top 2 0 of the top 100 hospitals but the number one hospital of the top 20. To me his vision was to set up a hospital to help the poor without regard to anything else but their health.Also, it was designed for the people who had coverage to receive the care they needed and wanted. He wanted a module that was compassionate and caring, who was highly trained. The services that they offer for the suburban hospital is great for the people who cannot afford medical care. It is a not for profit hospital. References Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Out of rural area and International Patients: http://www. hopkinsmedicine. org/patient_care/out_state. html Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n. d. ). Retrieved from The Johns Hopkins Hospital: http://www. hopkinsmedicine. org/the_johns_hopkins_hospital/jhhhs. html\r\n'

'What is sovereignty?\r'

'The inclination of sovereignty is the appraisal of someone adopting unconditional power. For example in the United Kingdom we chasten about parliamentary sovereignty. This heart and soul that parliament holds supreme power in the lay with no constraints. However sovereignty is affected and controlled by certain things such as public whim and outside influences including the media etc. That is why although sovereignty gives supreme power to the be ber it buns sometimes be restricted by uncontrollable factor.\r\nHowever finally, if supplant all other influences and theories, sovereignty is the word use to describe something that is given to someone or something to hold supreme power, and this power should technically be un-unquestionable, that is the idea of sovereignty.\r\nWhere is sovereignty located in the UK?\r\nThe monarch primitively incessantly held sovereignty. However in 1649 after the position civil war sovereignty in the UK was turn over over to parliament after the execution of Charles I, and the racecourse of the farming became a dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell. incessantly since then, although the monarch is simmer down head of state, parliament has always held supreme power in the land. The monarch til now holds theoretical powers such as the command of the army but in practice these powers belong to the executive and ultimately the Prime Minister.\r\nUnlike the Ameri asshole presidential system where the President forms only one three of the three argonas of power, the British system relies on a majority to form the government. This can sometimes be a problem as the majority society holds all powers because the business firm of commons makes legislation and the house of lords can only block legislation for so long. The only person in theory that can tour a law being passed is the promote but this would be actually unpopular so in practice is non done.\r\nAlthough the House of car park and ultimately the execut ive hold supreme power, whilst we are a part of the European Union we must follow the laws and guidelines couch by them. This was shown when be introduced the tender Rights Act after the EU had made it law. So although in theory the UK could leave the EU if it actually disagreed with something, in practice this would not be economically or politically viable and so we are bound by their laws.\r\nSo although sovereignty ultimately rests with the executive, the monarch still has to agree to laws and the monarch still holds military powers but these are never employ in practice. The only constraint to sovereignty is the EU that we could technically leave at anytime. So practically sovereignty in the UK is located in spite of appearance the government but in theory the EU can say ‘no to our legislation. This is where sovereignty is located in the UK.\r\n wherefore has the UKs un-codified paper been criticised?\r\nOver the years the UKs un-written or un-codified physical c omposition has been criticised. This criticism has not only come from countries with a codified constitution but also within the UK as well. Although the UK constitution is un-codified it has however been around lengthy than any constitution in the entire world. This says that that occurrence that it has never been fully written down means that it has had a chance to evolve and so fulfil low for a long period of time.\r\nSome whitethorn argue that the American codified constitution was a necessity, as after the American war of independency the Americans needed a quick constitution serial away in order to run the country. on that point is no way that a country could throw off been set up without a codified constitution. The service of a codified constitution is that all of the development is there and cannot be removed unless two thirds of the government/senate agree. Acts can only be amended. This could also award as a disadvantage as a law that needed to be passed quickly would sequester at least a week to go through all of the houses to be added to the constitution.\r\nThe advantage of an un-codified constitution is that not everything is in black and white. This is where we get conventions and shift law. As not everything in the constitution is set in stone, if something were to be ambiguous then it could be taken to court for a ruling. Also we have conventions that are things that we do but are not written down. The advantage of having an un-codified constitution is that in an emergency and act or law can be added pr removed completely within twenty-four hours as no government can give another government.\r\nSo basically there are both advantages and disadvantages of both systems. With an un-codified constitution not everything is set in stone so things can be adjusted from case to case and also it is very quick and easy to change. The disadvantage to this is that this gives a consider of power to the executive and in theory they could run a dictatorship with no one to stop them. This is an advantage of a codified constitution because it is not very easily change and so does not give a lot of power to a few people. The disadvantage of this system is that things take a long time to change and can never be completely removed. Despite both the advantages and disadvantages of both of the systems, each system workings best for the country that uses it. So all the UKs constitution has been criticised it obviously works because it has lasted for such a long period of time.\r\n'

'Parkinsons term paper Essay\r'

'Parkinson’s disorder is characterized as a degenerative disorder of the central ill at ease(p) system which is understood to persist and continually turn down over time. It is the second approximately common neurologic disorder. Parkinson’s unhealthiness affects approximately atomic number 53 whiz million million million people at heart the United States. This disorder progresses easily and is unique in the sense that Parkinson’s unhealthiness abide be caused by genetics among different things. Parkinson’s distemper is well known for its quality timiditys, gracelessness, and severey with speech in the tolerants it affects. Parkinson’s ailment is caused by diminishment of the substantia nigra in the tegmentum which controls motor act upons inwardly the body. This disease is classified as a sweet basil ganglionic disorder which causes a give offdown of dopamineric neurons in the substancia nigra, determined in the midbrain. Th e substancia nigra is composed of neuromelanin which pigments the substancia nigra and gives it its darker characteristic.\r\nThe neuromelanin likewise connects to the motor cortex which is responsible for nonpargonil’s motor control and balance. The chemical dopamine is created in the substantia nigra. The basil ganglia receives inputs from the motor cortex, the association cortex, and the substancia nigra. The basil ganglia indeed sends messages to the motor cortex by authority of the thalamus. With Parkinson’s disease, the nigral neurons atomic number 18 damaged, which causes the neuromelanin to be free to move into the close tissue where it is phagocytosed and moved away by macrophages. This degenerative process non only destroys the process of creating dopamine, however it also causes the pigmentation of the substancia nigra to change and become barge in appearance. The drop of dopamine-related input from the substantia nigra negatively changes the equi librium of the placeput from the basil ganglia to the motor cortex. This adaptation in the equilibrium then causes the symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease. The direct cause of Parkinson’s disease remains a health check mystery, but many factors whoremaster participate in determining whether ane is fictile to developing Parkinson’s disease in the future.\r\nThe picture to specific toxins in the environment and various environmental factors has the possibility of diarrhoeaing a role in those who were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. An other(a) possible cause of Parkinson’s disease is the role of one’s genetics. It is launch that certain mutations dismiss give rise to Parkinson’s disease, although this is uncommon. The brains of longanimouss with Parkinson’s disease change as the disease progresses. Lewy bodies are microscopic markers that characterize the presence of Parkinson’s disease within a patien t. They are ab radiation diagram microscopic protein deposits that form in the brain and play a role in disrupting the brain’s typical functions. This disruption causes deterioration. Lewy bodies contain A-synuclein which is a protein that cells put upnot break down. Early index numbers of Parkinson’s disease entangle apprehensions or shaking which potful reside in one’s finger, thumb, hand, lip, or chin, though shaking is normal after extensive physical activity, injury, or whitethorn be due to medications.\r\nIf one’s hired man begins to appear smaller over a compendious period of time, it could be a warning peculiarity of Parkinson’s although one should not base their self-diagnosis upon hired man, for hand create verbally rotter change as one advances in age, but this happens over time and not suddenly. A prejudice of quality in specific foods can be an indicator, but a outlet of smell can also be related to the stubbornness of the common cold or the flu. Another primal sign whitethorn be sudden movements time sleeping such as falling out of the bed or kicking and punching. It is important to comprehend that people on occasion whitethorn cause difficulty sleeping. Chronic stiffness can be a sign, but this symptom can also be caused by an injury or arthritis. If one is experiencing constipation on a daily basis, this can be considered a sign of Parkinson’s disease, although a lack of fiber in one’s diet or medications can determine the miserable of one’s bowels. Having recently possessed a soft or low voice is an indicator unless one has a chest cold or other virus.\r\nIf one has the appearance of a draped face, a blank stare that persists, or undergoes a long duration of time without the action of blinking, these may be precursors to having Parkinson’s disease. Feeling dizzy or fainting can be signs of low blood haul and may be connected to Parkinson’s disease alo ng with the inability to stand up straight. there are many Parkinson’s-related symptoms that are known today. The most obvious of symptoms is a resting tremor. A shaking, or tremor, ordinarily starts in one’s limb, and it is often find on a hand or fingers. This resting tremor usually stops when the patient is voluntarily locomote the limb affected by the tremor. A â€Å"pill-rolling” tremor is common and is characterized by one rolling one’s thumb and forefinger. These tremors can be discover when the limb is even at a relaxed state. callable to the tremors and inability to control certain motor functions, writing can become difficult for patients with Parkinson’s disease. It is illustrious that when writing, those effected with Parkinson’s disease posses handwriting that is characteristically small.\r\nBradykinesia, or a slowing of movement, can be present. Parkinson’s disease has the ability to cause one to move slower which can make simpleton every-day tasks a challenge. With bradykinesia, one’s steps may become smaller in distance when universe mobile, and one’s feet may begin to lead when walking. Excessive muscle tone or hypertonus may be prevalent in patients with Parkinson’s disease and will manifest itself as stiffness or rigidness which causes pain and a loss in one’s range of motion. Parkinson’s disease patients may experience posture hinderance and balance, for a patient’s posture can become stooped, and balance can be lost. Patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease may experience a loss in their autonomic functions which include and are not limited to smiling, swinging one’s armor while walking, and blinking. This loss in autonomic function caused a select number of patients to stop utilise their hands while speaking in normal conversations. Speech changes can affect those living with Parkinson’s disease. unmatchable ma y speak out of bike in such a way that it may sound soft, quick, hesitant, monotone or slurred.\r\nDiagnosing Parkinson’s disease is not a simple process, for a test for Parkinson’s disease does not moreover exist. In order to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a neurologist must first obtain a detailed medical history of the patient organism diagnosed, a review of the patient’s signs and symptoms, a physical examination, and a neurological examination. Tests to exclude other conditions may be ordered to ensure worthy diagnosis of the disorder. Once a patient has undergone sufficient testing and examining, the doctor may prescribe the patient the medication carbidopa-levodopa, which is a Parkinson’s disease medicine. If the patient improves considerably while on the medication, this often confirms a Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. There exists a wide-range of handlings for patients that raise from Parkinson’s disease from dru g interpositions to surgical treatments.\r\nThe pharmacologic prelude for those with Parkinson’s disease aims to increase the lack of dopamine in the patient’s basil ganglia. L-dopa or Levodopa is a drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier. The brain can convert this drug to dopamine. Carbidopa can also be prescribed to patients untune with Parkinson’s disease. Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor and, when taken with levodopa, can incite levodopa from converting to dopamine out-of-door(a) of the brain. The combination of medications allows for more levodopa to stint the brain which ultimately increases the brain’s preparation of dopamine. These two medications decrease the side effects which are caused by an increased amount of dopamine outside of the brain. They reduce the supply of â€Å"free” dopamine from residing outside of the brain. An excess of dopamine outside of the brain could end in low blood pressure, vomiting, and naus ea. Other medications include dopamine agonists which directly stimulate nerve receptors within of the brain which are usually stimulated by dopamine.\r\nIn contrast to the medication levodopa, dopamine agonists do not convert into dopamine but preferably behave like dopamine. Dopamine agonists are utilized in patients that are in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease and may be added to a treatment plan along with levodopa in the later stages of Parkinson’s disease. It may also be added when levodopa alone cannot sufficiently manage the patient’s symptoms or when the patient has severe motor fluctuations. Side effects associated with levodopa-carbidopa include dizziness upon rising, confusion, nausea, movement disorders, and hallucinations. Side effects ordinarily associated with dopamine agonists are vomiting, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension. Surgical treatment options are available for those who suffer from Parkinson’s. These surgical treatme nts are intended to control symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease patients who do not positively respond to medications. One of the surgical treatments creates a lesion in specific portions of the thalamus within the midbrain which become overactive in Parkinson’s disease. A reversible procedure that can be used on patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease is oceanic abyss brain stimulation, or DBS. With this procedure, electrodes are implanted into slender locations. These locations are treated then with pulses of electrical currents.\r\nwhy deep brain stimulation works is unknown. aesculapian experts believe that the current could be activating, affecting, or inhibiting synaptic transmission onto neurons in the vicinity of the electrodes. The future prospects for a cure for Parkinson’s disease are promising, for the medical community has begun to mark the genetic causes linked to Parkinson’s disease. This allows the medical community to e xpand animal models of Parkinson’s disease. These will be highly useful in the process of arrest the pathogenesis of the disease and will be useful in further testing the neuroprotective therapies which can potentially aid in the fight against the rise of Parkinson’s disease. A different potential approach in the future would be to engage in the replacement of lost neurons via transplantation, which would be highly difficult and tedious. Overall, Parkinson’s disease is well on the way to being better understood and through this understanding scientists will be able to directly identify the source of this disease and eventually find a method that directly cures this disease.\r\nReferences\r\nEtiology. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved exhibit 13,2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ aetiology Welcome to the Purdue OWL. (n.d.). Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide. Retrieved frame in 13, 2014, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/reso urce/560/01 Parkinson’s: Symptoms & Types. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved touch 13, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/parkinsons-disease/guide/parkinsons-symptons-types Parkinson’s disease. (n.d.). Complications. Retrieved environ 13, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/basics/complications/con-20028488 Parkinson’s Disease. (n.d.). Parkinson’s Disease. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http:// courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/parkinsons.html Nisipeanu, P. (n.d.). Parkinson’s Disease: diagnosis and Clinical Management. Adverse Effects of Dopamine Agonists. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/books/NBK27800/ Levodopa Medicines for Parkinson’s Disease. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http:// www.wbmd.com/parkinsons-disease/levodopa-medications-for-parkinsons-disease Dopamine Agonists for Parkinson’s Disease. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from\r\n'

'Tallgrass Prairie\r'

'The exalted grass prairie is an ecosystem aborigine to central North America, with antiaircraft as its primary periodic disturbance. In the past, marvelous grass prairies covered a large dish out of the American Midwest, just east of the Great Plains, and portions of the Canadian Prairies. They flourished in areas with rich loess soils and moderate rainfall of more or less 30 to 35 inches per year. To the east were the fire-maintained eastern savannas. In the northeast, where fire was infrequent and periodic wind oblige represented the main source of disturbance, beech-maple forests dominated.Once this prairie covered around 140 million acres; now entirely isolated remnants exist. (Heat-Moon 261). The homesteaders saw it as a painfulness to be replaced as soon as workable with crops that paid their way. Within one generation a great legal age of the native realm was plowed under and developed. Currently, less than 4% remains, while the majority is located in the Kansas Flint Hills and surrounding areas. (Manning 76). Today, prairie is macrocosm brought back in places using a land management technique borrowed from the Plains tribes: controlled burning.Spring fires clear out non-native grasses in front the later â€Å"sun-seeking” native grasses begin to grow. ( Heat-Moon 43-44). Fire in like manner burns up dead arrange detritus on the ground, allowing the sun and rain to penetrate the soil, and releases nutrients, promoting product and increasing seed yields. This and other prairie restoration methods befriend ensure that, at least in nearly places, we can look out over a sea of grass and feel the wonder of the eldest homesteaders.According to a semipermanent research study on steep grass prairies done at the Konza Prairie look for Natural Area by a common chord of Kansas State University biology professors, bison grazing or mowing appends the species variety show or the number of plant species that exist at a particular site of grasses on the prairie. (KSU 1). eat and mowing keep plant diversity high make up in annually burned or fertilized prairie where nigh plant species would otherwise be lost. Their research was produce today in the journal Science.Alan Knapp, canful Blair and John Briggs, along with two other colleagues have got been conducting long-term studies on the effects of fire, grazing and climatic disagreement on tall grass prairies. This on-going research looks at these various factors alone and in combination. â€Å"One of the things we have learned in the past is that if you burn a prairie annually, species diversity tends to decrease,” Knapp said. â€Å"Grazing the prairie or removing part of the plant canopy, tends to offset the effects of frequent burning. Knapp said the re-introduction of bison, the prairies native herbivores, over the past decade also has increase species diversity. (Cushman 13).â€Å"Bison, which were historically a very abundant herbivore on the tall grass prairies, played an important region in maintaining the plant species diversity in these systems,” Knapp said. â€Å"The increase in plant diversity we see at Konza Prairie after bison are re-introduced can be related to to increases with bison grazing activities. (KSU 1). The bison that at one time roamed these prairies numbered close to 30 million, at once settlers began to encroach on the area, and began to use the land for homesteading and culture the numbers dipped to nearly 500 individuals. As the bison left, the domestic cattle moved in with the homesteaders, once again disrupting the natural biodiversity of the land. In addition to the passing play of the bison, fire on the prairie was a key component as well. (White 88).Typically, prairie fires were naturally occurring due to lightening strikes, and were in fact beneficial. As people began to settle and tarry in these areas these fires were seen as a hindrance, and were extinguished as quickly as p ossible. (Savage 124-26). These actions were not favorable for the grasses as these fires typically helped the natural species regenerate and helped to keep trees at bay as well. As time went on, the more human interaction that took place, the more it was destroying the natural tall grass prairie as it once was.\r\n'

'Survey of Software Systems\r'

' week 6 Case Study 1. How important is the substitute governing body at airlines such as WestJet and JetBlue? How does it choose-to doe with in operation(p) activities and decision making? The substitute organisation is extremely important to small airline companies such as WestJet and JetBlue. Since these companies be small and fairly new, efficacious customer service is essential to their success. When potential customers realize the JetBlue and WestJet netsites and view their competitive rates, it is imperative that they are met with a completely capable, efficient instruction governance to parole their reticences on.Also, the mental reservation system will impact operational activities be obtain it clearly lies out how many reservations are soon booked which is essential in deciding on the publication of aircraft to use for a specific stanch of time to a specific destination. It too provides prevision on how much fuel to take for on the aircraft etc. Anoth er thing that the reservation system helps is the ability to know when to advertise specials on certain(prenominal) flights in order to fill the roster and swirl standby to last minute travelers. 2. Evaluate the risks of the projects to bring up the reservation systems of WestJet and JetBlue and key risk factors. at that place are whatsoever(prenominal) risks associated with upgrading any tuition systems within a company. typically the most difficult tasks involve providing training to the employees that are responsible for using, operating or receiving information from the upgraded information systems. In this situation in particular, one of the study concerns for these companies was that the information system updates would cause defects in the system and excessively that the time that it would take to upgrade the reservation system could cause a gap in function to the user.An outage in their web services would cause major setbacks for both companies and neither of them could afford the press release. The text states that WestJet had been running practice tests and training for over 100,000 hours in preparation for the live upgrade. Still, they encountered some issues that they had not plotted for during the live upgrade. This caused the website to be inaccessible for quite some time during and after the upgrade. This caused an enormous number of dissatisfied customers.Users flocked to Facebook and other social networking sites to express their dissatisfaction with WestJet’s services; they also cal conduct customer service in an bm to gain a better understanding about what was going on. As a result of the annex in customer service calls that WestJet was also spur-of-the-moment for, there was a major increase in customer service wait times, which then led to more angry customers. Luckily WestJet was able to liquidate itself some time down the road and didn’t take too much of a strive financially because of that mishap.This goes to show that the risks associated with upgrading information systems within a company are extremely high and in no charge should they be undermined. Companies should always be prepared when attempting to upgrade information systems otherwise the loss has the potential to be devastating. 3. Classify and describe the problems severally airline faced in implementing its new reservation system. What people, organization, and engineering science factors caused those problems? The problems that WestJet faced in implementing its new reservation system ran the gamut.They had a number of organizational problems which include the fact that they obviously hadn’t considered the possibility that the change over could not go as political programned. Although they trained and undecomposed for over 100,000 hours in preparation for the permute, they failed to have a backup plan, which is something that e real company needs to have should they need to employ other options. When the ini tial plan was foiled, there weren’t even enough employees to overcompensate the commotion that the lack of web services caused.They also had a critical technology problem, and that was that the file transfer didn’t go as planned. Another technology problem was that the unsuccessful file transfer caused the web services to be down for a number of hours. There should have been a backup webpage to diminish that gap in service. JetBlue on the other hand, was very well organized based on the information that the text gave. They had a backup for their webpage that they ended up needing to use because their servers were down due to the file transfer.They chose a low web traffic day to pop out the file transfer; and they employ 500 flying employees to man the call center in fountain they had an increased number of customer service calls. JetBlue also had technology problems which caused a delay in their data transfer but the reason that it didn’t act them as bad as it did with WestJet, is because they were prepared, 4. Describe the move you would have taken to control the risk in these projects.The risk associated with performing live data transfers is imminent. There will never be a way to completely mitigate that risk, but if I were in that situation I would handle it like JetBlue did. I would examine all of the realizable outcomes and have a backup in place to control the possible damage. I would have definitely had a backup web interface and I would have hired temporary employees to help with the extra workload. Basically, I would have done the exact same things that JetBlue did.\r\n'

'Early Childhood Education Essay\r'

'Through break biography in that abide by seems to be a trend that in like manner soon tikehood education was supplementary. Even today we placid experience these similar issues. However there ar a lot of other issues that come into dictation in archaeozoic kidskinhood education. Some issues that hinder children from skill ar the child’s culture, learning disabilities, record, behavioral problems, and accomplishment gaps. We female genitalianot control these issues from happening un slight we can adapt and cater to distri stillively child for some of these issues oddly observing a child’s temperament.\r\nthither be nine temperament traits that we should look for according to article 17 of the y proterozoic Editions textbook. This is beneficial so that we can, â€Å"tailor our approach to each(prenominal) child’s cluster of temperament traits. As you tune into temperament, you argon likely to become to a greater extent successful in helping all children even up to situations and persons in was that promote their social ease and competence. ” (Annual Editions #17) too observing temperament, achievement gaps can come into play. â€Å"The achievement gap between poor and middle-class nigrify and white children is widely recognized as our closely important educational challenge.\r\n” (Achievement Gap handout) in that location atomic number 18 different types of gaps such as the reading gap, the colloquy gap, the role model gap, and the health and ho using gaps. â€Å" new-made children of educated p bents atomic number 18 read to more than consistently and be encour come alongd to read more to themselves when they be centenarianer. ” (Achievement Gap handout) When a child enters pre rail or kindergarten, there is an achievement gap already with the reading direct of middle and lower class children. This issue unfortunately affects the lower class children dramatically and this is only w hizz of the different issues on the topic of achievement gaps.\r\nThere ar a few individuals that impacted advance(prenominal) childhood education significantly and two of them be Maria Montessori and Jean Pi datet. Maria Montessori still impacts early childhood education today and there are still Montessori schools all over the world. Montessori was the first adult female in Italy to earn a degree in medicine. Her first intention was the study diseases in children but later on became a strong decide in early childhood education. She became so beaver-selling(predicate) at one draw a bead on she was opening up Montessori schools all over the world and touring as well.\r\nMontessori has quintuple commandments to her theory. The 1st principle in her theory is having gaze for the child. According to the handout on Montessori, â€Å"children are singular individuals” where instructors essential respect each child for their differences. The secondment principle is hold upn as the absorbent mind, the belief that a teacher should not teach them because children can learn on their own instead. This principle is categorised into three stages ranging in ages. From hand over to three course of instruction old, the child develops their senses from the environs well-nigh them.\r\nBy age three to six years old, the child’s senses are sharpen as they learn more almost the world more or less them. The 3rd principle is known as sensitive periods, when the teacher must beat back and be observant of each child in the classroom. When a teacher feels that a student is sensitive to a certain skill then they can learn it. It is time for the teacher to introduce this undertaking. There would be m both opportunities after where the child can practice this new task till it is perfected. Finally, the 4th principle is the prepared environment where children can be comfort qualified and learn best in.\r\nThe teacher must customize the classroom for c hildren. It is fit in to be more convenient for the child to do things for themselves. The goal is to get the child must be independent and to take advantage of the freedom around them. The child will learn to rely less on their teacher but more on themselves. This idea is strongly emphasized in the classroom because Montessori believed that the education should be child centered earlier than teacher centered. Even though a school may not be officially be a Montessori school you can find a few ideas that were influenced by her.\r\nThe prepared environment and respect for the children are definitely things you see at any good school or program. Moving onto the second individual, Jean Piaget was a Swiss philosopher and natural scientist that is renowned for his theory of human intellectual development. His theory has quartette stages of development. The first stage is the Sensori-Motor Stage, which occurs mostly around the age 0 to 2 years old. This stage, â€Å"child relies on t ouch sensationing, feeling, and using his senses to find out about the world.\r\n”(Handout on Piaget) The second stage is the Preoperational Stage, which occurs mostly from 2 to 7 years old. During this stage, â€Å"the child still relies on using the senses, but is increasingly able to use spoken language and words to represent things not visible. ”(Handout on Piaget) The ternary stage is the Concrete Operations Stage, which occurs usually around 7 to 11 years old. At this point â€Å"the child is developing the concepts of number, relationships, processes, and more. He is becoming able to think problems through mentally, though still in terms of concrete or real objects or else than in abstractions.\r\n” (Handout on Piaget) The fourth stage is the ceremonial Operations Stage, which happens when the child is 11 years old and older. â€Å"The child is able to proceed a step further; he can now mentally think in terms of concepts and abstractions, rather rely ing on concrete or real objects. ”(Handout on Piaget) There are other good ideas used in classrooms today. These ideas are taken from Piaget’s theories on how children and move up and learn. According to this extraordinary scholar, all children have the wonder to learn about themselves and the world. If children are stimulated and run aground the skill interesting then they will learn.\r\nPiaget excessively strongly believed that when teachers win the material then children are eager to learn. Even today these theories offer steerage for teachers to find different methods to inspire children to learn especially at a young age. Developmentally catch Practice, likewise known as DAP, is a widely used practice for teachers working with children. In 1987, â€Å"the case Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) published a widely used position statement about developmentally usurp practices for serving young children from birth to age 8 in early chil dhood programs.\r\n”(Handout of earlier Childhood Programs) However in â€Å"1997 the NAEYC revise the Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs, clarifying the misunderstandings and misinterpretations that arose from a decade of grand dissemination of the original position statement. There are three dimensions in Developmentally Appropriate Practices and they are age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, and heathen appropriateness. There are numerous ways that they are demonstrated in a pre-K program. Age appropriateness is a park characteristic that is seen in most pre-K programs.\r\nâ€Å"Developmentally appropriate practice suggests that teachers should not attempt to direct or tightly structure learning experiences and that formal schoolman instruction at the preschool level should not occur. ” (Handout on Early Childhood Programs) Another example is with cultural appropriateness, especially when it has to deal with holidays. Mo st pre-K programs, unless it’s a non-secular school, go over different holidays and mention which cultures hold which particular holiday such as Christmas, Hanukkah and Kwanza.\r\nAs young children learn about themselves and the world in school, literacy is constantly being exposed and is developing in their minds. It is important that their literacy is developing in their young lives because this also increases their vocabulary and grammar skills. As teachers read aloud to them and provide activities for children, early literacy is expanding their knowledge. Once this is evident, teachers can be on the look out for certain behaviors in children. This allows them to know that children are ready to learn how to read.\r\nThere are four behaviors to identify and they are handling books, smell and recognizing, comprehending pictures and stories, and reading stories. Other characteristics that occur in children are their loose teeth are falling out as well as place their progr ess over the head and being able to touch the ear. (class lecture) Today there are programs that are documentation early literacy for young children. In the film Foundations of yarn and Writing, it stressed how reading should not be taught too early.\r\nAlternatively, literacy can be taught in creative ways. In the film, several teachers believed that activities is beneficial for children and will promote early literacy. Block playing and painting are a few examples of activities that help children recognize shapes and colors. This simple military action can assist children to start recognizing letters and putting it in a certain order to execute words, such as their name. It is up to us as teachers to promote early literacy and to enhance this development.\r\n'